Citations:Pingrang
English citations of Pingrang
- [1901, Edward Harper Parker, “Trade Routes”, in China: Her History, Diplomacy and Commerce from the Earliest Times to the Present Day[1], →OCLC, →OL, pages 79–80[2]:
- As to the roads into Manchuria, recent researches prove absolutely that the mediæval Chinese envoys to the Nüchêns followed the present high-road round from Peking, through Shan-hai Kwan, Mukden, Kirin or Changchun, to Alchuk and Sansing. So with the modern Corean road from Söul, or P’ing-yang, by way of I-chou, whence either viâ Mukden and the Manchu road, or viâ the Fêng-hwang road and Kin-chou, where the latter joins the former : these were the roads of ancient times. The Kitan roads I have been over, for the most part, myself ; they are simply the high-roads from Peking through the various passes of the Great Wall, and to this day the caravans of laden camels or mules, the droves of horses, the herds and flocks driven in for sale may be seen coming through in the winter season exactly as they came 2,000 years ago.]
- 1958 November 15 [1958 April 30], 文改会第一研究室 [No. 1 Research Office, China Written Language Reform Committee], “各国首都名称拼写法（初稿）（外国地名拼写法之二） [Spelling of the Names of National Capitals of Various Nations (Draft) (Spellings of Various Place Names, Part 2)]”, in Wenzi Gaige (文字改革) [Written Language Reform][3], number 19, →OCLC, pages 12–13:
Source Text:
| 首都原名 （或一种比較通用的 拉丁字母拼写法） |
所屬国家 | 汉字注音 （汉字譯名和按照汉字的注音） |
汉語拼写法 （接近原文或通用拼写法的汉 語拼写法和注音字母对音） |
|---|---|---|---|
| （一）亞洲 | |||
| [...] | [...] | [...] | [...] |
| Phyangyang Saul(Seoul) |
朝鮮 | 平壤 Pingrang 汉城 Hancheng |
Pingrang ㄆㄧㄥㄖㄤ Hancheng ㄏㄢㄔㄥ |
| [...] | [...] | [...] | [...] |
Translation:
| Original Names of National Capitals (or a type of Latin alphabet spelling that is relatively commonly-used) |
Nation | Hanyu Pinyin (Chinese Character translation and phonetic spelling following those Chinese characters) |
Mandarin Spelling (Mandarin and Bopomofo spellings close to the original or commonly-used spelling) |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Asia | |||
| [...] | [...] | [...] | [...] |
| Phyangyang Saul(Seoul) |
Korea | 平壤 Pingrang 汉城 Hancheng |
Pingrang ㄆㄧㄥㄖㄤ Hancheng ㄏㄢㄔㄥ |
| [...] | [...] | [...] | [...] |
- 1999, China Archaeology and Art Digest[4], volume 3, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 95, column 2:
- The later Gaogouli period begins with the move of the capital to the later Pingrang (Pyongyang) in 427 and later Pingrang became the centre of a group of urban complexes on the […] Gaogouli, when the capital was moved from Heshenggu city to the hinterland (Guonei 國内) and the construction of the capital Yunayancheng 尉那岩城 began, to the year 427, when the Changshou King 長壽王 moved the capital to Pingrang 平壤 (Pyongyang) on the Datong 大同 (Taedong) river.
- 2012, Endymion Wilkinson, “Introduction”, in Chinese History: A New Manual[5], 3rd revised edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 14:
- The DPRK (Joseon Minjujui Inmin Konghuaguk 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) is read in Chinese as Chaoxian minzhu zhuyi renmin gonghe guo, and its capital, Pyeonyang, is pronounced Pingrang 平壤.
- 2013 May, China (Lonely Planet)[6], 13th edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page [7]:
- There are four weekly services to Pyongyang (; Pingrang; hard-sleeper ¥1164-1214, soft-sleeper ¥1692-1737). The K27 and K28 both leave twice a week from Beijing Train Station, meaning there’s a train on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday.
- 2014, Lee Mosol, “Dangun Joseon (壇君朝鮮), Large Confederate State”, in Ancient History of Korea: Mystery Unveiled[8], Xlibris, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 32:
- The first capital of Old Joseon written in the Three Kingdoms (三國遺事) as Pyongyang (平壤) could be a replaced word of Pingyang (平陽) written in many ancient Chinese scriptures; “後徙晉陽，及爲天子，都平陽，於詩爲唐國.” The capital was described with different character 平穰 under the same phonetic by Korean in the Gwanggaeto Stele 廣開土王陵碑, but with different phonetic by the current Beijing dialect. It is a hint that Pingyang (平陽) could be a phonetic loan of Tungusic word. Geneology of “Peng clan 彭氏” has that their ancestor came or had been in the town “Pingrang 坪壤” and carry on their pedigree under the division called 彭祖坪壤彭氏.
- 2017, Kenneth Swope, editor, Warfare in China Since 1600[9], →ISBN, →OCLC:
- When the Japanese armies captured Pingrang on 15th September, they discovered that 35 good field guns were left behind, together with hundreds of magazine rifles and hundreds more of breechloaders.