Map including KASHA (K'O-SHIH) (DMA, 1980)Map including (K'O-SHIH) KASHI (DMA, 1984)
1944, Martin R. Norins, quoting Sheng Shih-ts’ai yü Hsin Hsin-chiang, “The Racial Question of Sinkiang”, in Gateway to Asia: Sinkiang, Frontier of the Chinese Far West[1], John Day Company, →OCLC, page 143:
The Kucha group includes the three hsien of Yen-ch’i, Kucha, and Aqsu. The people of these places are peaceful, and besides engaging in agriculture, have handicraft trades. The Kashgar group includes all the counties of K’o-shih Ch’ü. This is the principal center of the Ch’an Hui, who are Mohammedan merchants and farmers. The people of this group and of that at Khotan are very patient and so are excellent at handicraft work.
1954, CALAMITY DAMAGE AND CROP DATA, APRIL-OCTOBER 1953, EXTRACTED FROM CHINESE COMMUNIST PRESS[2], Central Intelligence Agency, page 2:
K'o-shih Special Administrative District of Sinkiang had 1,630,000 mou of winter wheat under cultivation.
Kashgar is the largest city of the Tarim basin, situated also near the Soviet border. Its Chinese official name is K'o-shih, an abbreviated form of K'o-shih-k'a-erh, the phonetic rendering of Kashgar. Prior to 1950, Kashgar was known as Shufu. The city has a population of about 75,000, predominantly Uigur in ethnic composition. It is a center for trade in cotton, silk and sheepskins.
late 1950s, LOGISTICAL PROBLEMS OF THE TIBETAN CAMPAIGN[4], page 7:
A fourth route, of no practical logistical import, is the Sinkiang-Tibet highway route. This route extends from Kashgar (K'o-shih) in Sinkiang to Gartok in extreme western Tibet. This portion of the road is considered to be fair weather with the exact width unknown. From Gartok two routes of limited motorability extend to Zhikatse and Nagchhu Dzong (Hei-ho). The route from Gartok to Nagchhu Dzong, a point on the Lan-chou to Lhasa route, is thought to be little more than a course marked across the plateau and of no logistical value. Although motor vehicles have been operated between Gartok and Zhikatse, this route is of questionable motorability and of no logistical value.
Kashgar (K'o-shih), about 110 miles from the border, with a population of over 100,000, is the largest city in West Sinkiang as well as a road center. One road leading south continues into Tibet by way of the Aksai Chin area which has been disputed with India. Like Yarkand, Aksu (A-k'o-su or Wen-su), and Khotan (Ho-T'ien), Kashgar is situated in an oasis--the largest in Sinkiang.
[1987, Arthur C. Hasiotis, Jr., “The Chin Shu-jen Regime and its Relations with the Soviet Union: 1928 to 1933”, in Soviet Political, Economic, and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949[6], Garland Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 62:
There is general agreement that his military forces were organized into six divisions. They were stationed at the following places: at Ti-hua under the command of Liu Hsi-tsen, at T'a-ch'eng under Chiang Sung-lin, at Ili under Niu Shih, at A-shan under Wei Chen-kuo, at A-k'o-su under Chang Tzu-t'ing, and at Ko-shih-ko-erh[sic – meaning K'o-shih-ko-erh] (Kashgar) nominally under Tsou-ying, but in reality under Chin's brother, Chin Shu-chih.]
