[1762, Richard Brookes, “KIAN-NAN”, in The General Gazetteer: Or, Compendious Geographical Dictionary[1], page [2], column 2[3]:
It is full of lakes, rivers, and canals, and their ſilks, japaned goods, ink, and paper, are in high eſteem. In the city of Chang-hi only there are 200,000 weavers of plain cottons and muſlins.]
1788, “The Province of Kiang-nan”, in A General Description of China : Containing the Topography of the Fifteen Provinces which Compose this Vast Empire; that of Tartary, the Isles, and other Tributary Countries; The Number and Situation of its Cities, the State of its Population, the Natural History of its Animals, Vegetables and Minerals. Together with the latest Accounts that have reached Europe, of the Government, Religion, Manners, Customs, Arts and Sciences of the Chinese. Illustrated by a New and Correct Map of China, and other Copper-plates.[4], volume I, London: G. G. J. and J. Robinson, translation of original by Jean-Baptiste Grosier, →OCLC, page 29:
Silk ſtuffs, lacquer-ware, ink, paper, and, in general, every thing that comes from Nan-king, as well as from the other cities of the province, are much more eſteemed, and fetch a higher price, than thoſe brought from the neighbouring provinces. In the village of Chang-hai alone, and the villages dependent on it, there are reckoned to be more than 200,000 weavers of common cotton cloths.
[1798, John Walker, “KIANG NAN”, in The Universal Gazetteer[5], 2nd edition, page [6]:
It is the rendezvous of all the great barks, being full of lakes, rivers, and canals, and their ſilks, japanned goods, ink, and paper, are in high eſteem. In the city of Changhi only, there are 200,000 weavers of plain cottons and muſlins.]
1809, “Chang-hai”, in The General Gazetteer: Or, Compendious Geographical Dictionary[7], 14th edition, page [8], column 2:
Chang-hai, a town of China, in the province of Kiang-nan. In this town, and the villages dependent on it, are more than 200,000 weavers of cotton cloth. It is 18 miles SE of Song-kiang.
Silk stuffs, lacquer-ware, ink, paper, and every thing that comes from Nanking, as well as from the other cities of the province, are much more esteemed, and fetch a higher price than those brought from the neighbouring provinces. In the Chang-hai, and the villages dependent on it, there are said to be above 200,000 weavers of cotton cloths.
1843, William Darby, “Chang-hai”, in Darby's Universal Geographical Dictionary[12], 3rd edition, Washington, D.C.: Gales and Seaton, →OCLC, page 207, column 2:
Chang-hai, town of China, in the province of Kiang-nan. In this town, and the villages dependent on it, are more than 200,000 weavers of common cotton cloth. This city is situated on the south or right side of the Blue river, near its mouth, N. lat. 33 30, long. 12 121 E. of London. By English writers, it is now named Shang-hae, and described as an immense mart of foreign and domestic trade. It is one of those laid open to foreign commerce by a recent treaty between China and Great Britain. Distant about 60 ms. below Nankin.
[1843, J. Elliot Bingham, “Capture of Chapoo and Tchang-Kiang—Peace”, in Narrative of the Expedition to China, from the Commencement of the War to Its Termination in 1842[13], 2nd edition, volume II, London: Henry Colburn, →OCLC, page 335:
It being decided to attack the city of Changhai*, a large commercial town sixteen miles up the Woosung, the Phlegethon and Medusa, under Commander Kellet, were detached up the river to ascertain what obstructions were likely to be met with, but they shortly returned, having been stopped by two heavy batteries.
* According to Wyld's Map, but termed Shanghae in the despatches.]
1848, “Letter of Andrew Kim-Hai-Kim, Corean Deacon, to the Reverend Doctor Libois, Procurator of Foreign Missions at Macao”, in United States Catholic Magazine and Monthly Review[14], volume 7, →OCLC, pages 464–465:
His lordship Dr. Ferrèol had instructed the courageous deacon to procure, if possible, a junk for himself, and, getting Christians to act as seamen, to repair to him at Chang-hai : his lordship, being debarred entrance overland, hoped to reach at last by sea this mission.[…] 'Behold,' said he, showing the picture of the Virgin, 'Behold her who protects us. Fear nothing : we shall reach Chang-hai, and we shall see our bishop.' He spoke truth : shortly they descried a Chinese junk. The master of it, on the promise of a good round sum, undertook to guide them to their destination. In the wake of this craft the Corean bark hove to in sight of Chang-hai on the twenty-eighth of May last.[…] Andrew, seeing he was sure of this powerful protection, takes good care not to shun the mandarin of the port: he proceeds to meet him ; states to him that, damaged by the storm, he required to repair his junk ; that it is his intention to proceed to Chang-hai and refit; that he therefore requests him to inform the high mandarin of that city of his speedy arrival.[…] The mandarin of Wou-Song, being surprised to find so much firmness in a young man, received him well, and made no objection to his passage to Chang-hai. As soon as ever Andrew reached this city he repaired to the English consul, who received him in the best possible manner, and then had him conveyed in a palanquin to a Christian family.
"It had been his intention to go to Hong-Kong, and thence in a larger vessel to Chang-Hai, a new port opened to the English in 1842.]
1853, J. D. B. De Bow, “Railroad Communication between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans”, in The Industrial Resources, etc., of the Southern and Western States[17], volume II, →OCLC, page 500:
TIME OF TRAVEL.[…] From Pacific coast to Chang-hai, the heart of Chinese commerce, 5,400 miles ..... 16 "[days.]
Nankin was put in a state of defence, and levies were made from every town in Kian-nan and Kiang-si; but with what effect may be judged of from the fact that the consular city of Chang-hai, or Shanghai, with a population of 200,000, only furnished a contingent of 100 regular soldiers and 100 volunteers.
[1854, John Oxenford, “Supplementary Chapter”, in History of the Insurrection in China; with Notices of the Christianity, Creed, and Proclamations of the Insurgents[20], →OCLC, page 289:
He reached Sou-Tcheou on the 10th, Tchang-Tcheou, on the Grand Canal, on the 13th, and Tan-Yang on the 14th; but when at the latter place, he found the canal so shallow, that he could proceed no further, and therefore returned to Chang-Haï (Shang-hae). The foreign residents at Chang-Haï were much tranquillized by the arrival of her Majesty's steamship Hermes, on the 21st of March, with Sir George Bonham, the British Plenipotentiary, who visited the place to ascertain how far the accounts connected with the progress of the rebellion were to be relied upon, and to determine whether interference on the part of the English would be justifiable.]
