Citations:Beijing

English citations of Beijing

City in Asia

						1968 1970s 1990s	2000s 2010s 2022
ME «	15th c.	16th c.	17th c.	18th c.	19th c.	20th c.	21st c.

1958-1978 (Early Period)

1958 November 15 [1958 April 30], 文改会第一研究室 [No. 1 Research Office, China Written Language Reform Committee], “各国首都名称拼写法（初稿）（外国地名拼写法之二） [Spelling of the Names of National Capitals of Various Nations (Draft) (Spellings of Various Place Names, Part 2)]”, in Wenzi Gaige (文字改革) [Written Language Reform]‎^[1], number 19, →OCLC, page 12‎^[2]:

Source Text:


首都原名（或一种比較通用的拉丁字母拼写法）	所屬国家	汉字注音（汉字譯名和按照汉字的注音）	汉語拼写法（接近原文或通用拼写法的汉語拼写法和注音字母对音）
（一）亞洲
[...]	[...]	[...]	[...]
Bangkok	泰国（暹罗）	曼谷 Mangu	Bangkok ㄅㄤㄎㄛㄎ
Beijing(Peking)	中国	北京	Beijing ㄅㄟㄐㄧㄥ
Beirut	黎巴嫩	貝魯特 Beilute	Beirut ㄅㄟㄌㄨㄊ
[...]	[...]	[...]	[...]

Translation:


Original Names of National Capitals (or a type of Latin alphabet spelling that is relatively commonly-used)	Nation	Hanyu Pinyin (Chinese Character translation and phonetic spelling following those Chinese characters)	Mandarin Spelling (Mandarin and Bopomofo spellings close to the original or commonly-used spelling)
(1) Asia
[...]	[...]	[...]	[...]
Bangkok	Thailand (Siam)	曼谷 Mangu	Bangkok ㄅㄤㄎㄛㄎ
Beijing(Peking)	China	北京	Beijing ㄅㄟㄐㄧㄥ
Beirut	Lebanon	貝魯特 Beilute	Beirut ㄅㄟㄌㄨㄊ
[...]	[...]	[...]	[...]

1958 December 30, 井田制 [jǐngtiánzhì], “对使用标点符号的意見”, in 文字改革 [wénzì gǎigé, Wenzi Gaige]‎^[3], number 22, →OCLC, page 17, column 2:
另外，廢除着重号（放在汉字下面的点"."），專有名詞第一个字母大写来代替旁边划直綫（如北京拼写成Beijing）；外来語的譯名号可以廢除（在汉字中間的点"."）。
(please add an English translation of this quotation)
1961 June 17, Kurt Mendelssohn, “CHINA'S LITTLE LEAPS”, in The Nation‎^[4], volume 192, number 24, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 521:
The great multitude of Chinese regional dialects are so different that they cannot be understood by the inhabitants of another part of the country. The children must therefore learn Mandarin, which for centuries has been the official language and which, as Chinese dialects go, is relatively simple. This spoken language can then be alphabetized. The transliteration chosen for this is somewhat different from that generally used in the West; for instance, the name of the capital is not spelled “Peking” but “Beijing,” which, indeed, is closer to the spoken word.
[1963 May, “QING XIAOXUE LAOSHI BANGZHU WOMEN, ZUZHI XIAO PENGYOU XIE PINYIN ZUOWEN”, in 文字改革 [wénzì gǎigé, Wenzi Gaige]‎^[5], number 90, →OCLC, page 24, column 1:
Wénzhāng jì dào BEIJING CHAOYANGMEN NEI NANXIAOJIE 16 HAO 《WENZI GAIGE》 BIANJIBU, xìnfēng shàng xiě shàng "GAOJIAN" liǎng ge zì, jiù búyào tiē yóupiào.
Send essays to Wenzi Gaige Editors Bureau, 16 Nanxiaojie Changyangmen Nei, Beijing, and if you write the two Chinese characters for "draft" on the envelope, you don't need to include a postage stamp.
(Note: This is an early example of use of 'Beijing' as Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin, the romanization system which gave rise to the English loan word.)]
1966, marc riboud, the three banners of china‎^[6], new york: macmillan company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 129, column 2:
北京—特快—广州
BEIJING TEKUAI GUANGZHOU
129. 1,440 miles separate Peking (Beijin^{[sic – meaning Beijing]}) from Canton (Guangzhou). Beijing and Guangzhou are the romanized Chinese phonetic transcriptions of the characters. It takes fourty-six hours for the express (Tekuai) to link the two cities. Staff sell travelers tea bags and regularly top up glasses and cups with hot water. The trains are slow but punctual, and very clean.
[1966 August 12, Antonio Farien, Peng Shu-tse, “Background to the Purge in China”, in World Outlook‎^[7], volume 4, number 25, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 8:
The third closest collaborator in the secret group organized by Teng To was Liao Mo-sha, head of the United Front Work Department in the Peking municipal CP. He along with Wu Han and Teng To -- 1961 to the end of 1962 -- wrote many articles which appeared in the Peking Daily (Beijing Ribao), Peking Daily Evening (Beijing Wanbao), and Frontline.
(Note: This is an early example of use of 'Beijing' as Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin, the romanization system which gave rise to the English loan word.)]
1968, Gary Snyder, “TO THE CHINESE COMRADES”, in The Back Country‎^[8] (Poetry), New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 101–102‎^[9]:
On hearing Joan Baez singing ‘‘East Virginia”
Those were the days.
we strolled under blossoming cherries
ten acres of orchard
holding hands, kissing,
in the evening talkt Lenin and Marx.
You had just started out for Beijing.
I slippt my hand under her blouse
and undid her brassiere.
I passt my hand over her breasts
her sweet breath, it was too warm for May.
I thought how the whole world
my love, could love like this;
blossoms, the books, revolution
more trees, strong girls, clear springs;
You took Beijing
Chairman Mao, you should quit smoking.
[1969, Edward S. Aarons, “Eleven”, in Assignment—Peking‎^[10], Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, →OCLC, page 76:
The inevitable loudspeaker in the room gave out with several falsetto screeches from recordings of the Peking Opera. Jasmine went on, "The railroad station here, when we arrived, the Beijing Zhan? And all the people who use it, who never left their mud huts and villages in their lifetimes. It's a beautiful building, don't you think?"
(Note: This is an early example of use of 'Beijing' as Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin, the romanization system which gave rise to the English loan word.)]
1971 September, Theodore Shabad, “Preface”, in China's Changing Map‎^[11], New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xiii:
Because the general reader is presumed to be more familiar with postal spellings (for example, Peking, Foochow) than with Wade-Giles forms (Pei-ching, Fu-chou), the postal style has been used in text and maps. However, cross-references from Wade-Giles transliterations, as well as from the Chinese Communists’ own phonetic Pinyin transcription (in the examples, Beijing and Fuzhou), have been included in the index for all place names.
[1973, John Collier, Elsie Collier, “'Zhongda'—Sun Yat-sen University, Canton”, in China's Socialist Revolution‎^[12], New York: Monthly Review Press, published 1974, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 69:
The contraction of 'daxue' into 'da' has a national significance because Peking University has always been known as 'Beida', and is never referred to as 'Beijing Daxue', and the first 'university' of the revolution, the Anti-Japanese Imperialism college founded in Yenan during the war against Japan, was known as 'Kangda'.
(Note: This is an early example of use of 'Beijing' as Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin, the romanization system which gave rise to the English loan word.)]
1975 June 2, Newsday, volume 35, number 269, Long Island, N.Y., page 4:
Beijing Duck? / Combined News Service / Tokyo—Peking will become “Beijing” and Chairman Mao Tse-tung’s name “Mao Zedong” in standard Roman spellings to be adopted by China. The new system, aimed at spelling Chinese ideographs as they are pronounced, will be inaugurated Sept. 1, Japan’s Kyodo news service reported from Peking. China will use the spellings for people and place names when it issues passports and other documents for use abroad, and in printing travel tickets, magazines for foreign circulation and news distributed in English.
1976 [1966], Hao Ran, “Debut”, in Wong Kam-ming, transl., Revolutionary Literature in China: An Anthology‎^[13], White Plains, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 92:
Liu Lao-zheng sidled right up to Zao-hua and said: “That’s right. I went to Beijing [Peking] to visit with my daughter. Zao-hua, I hear that you have become the workpoint recorder.” […]
Liu Lao-zheng pulled out an abacus from a sack he was carrying over his shoulder. “Huala, huala,” he shook it several times and said: “I bought one in Beijing. I’ll lend it to you to use.”
1977 January, 中国旅行（广州·佛山） [China Travel: Guangzhou and Foshan]‎^[14], Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House, →OCLC, page 72:
Railway transportation is well-developed. The Beijing (Peking)-Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Shenzhen (Shumchun) and Guangzhou-Sanshui railways join in the city. Highway construction has developed rapidly.
1978 December 3, “CHINA HUATCHERS KEEP EYE ON BEIJING IN '79”, in The Daily Colonist‎^[15], volume 120, number 292, Victoria, British Columbia, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 6:
China's official news agency said Saturday it will adopt the Chinese Pinyin phonetic alphabet beginning Jan. 1, when Peking will become Beijing (pronounced bay-jing) and the agency Xinhua instead of Hsinhua.

1979-Present

1979 March 5, Jay Mathews, “China Is China, But Hangchow Is Hangzhou”, in The Washington Post‎^[16], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 December 2023‎^[17]:
The Post will also retain the old spellings of four familiar place names. They are (with what would have been their new spellings in parenthesis): Peking (Beijing), Canton (Guangzhou), Tivet (Xizang) and Inner Mongolia (Nei Monggol). China's own English language service continues to use the name "China," which under the new spellin would have been rendered "Zhongguo."
Most publications; including The Post, plan to put the old spellings of familiar names and places in parentheses after the new spellings until readers become accustomed to the change. Some publications, such as the Los Angeles Times, plan to use even the new spelling for the Chinese capital, Beijing, instead of Peking. Most organizations will continue to use old spellings for Chinese people and places outside the People's Republic of china, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Chiang Ching-kuo (Taiwan's president) and Fu Man-chu.
The old spelling system, named the Wade-Giles system after the two 19th century Britons who developed it, made correct pronunciation unnecessarily difficult. It used apostrophes to distinguish aspirated consonants, such as p'ai pronounced with a "p" sound, from unaspirated, such as pai pronounced with a "b" sound. The new Pinyin system eliminates this distinction, which most newspapers ignored anyway. "Beijing" is much closer to the Chinese pronunciation that "Peking", and Vice Premier "Deng" is better rendering than "Teng." But the new system uses some letters in ways that still confuse English speakers. Thers difficult letters are: "c" which should be prounced in this system like the "ts" in "its"; "q" which should be pronounced like the "ch" in "cheek"; "x" which should be pronounced like the "sh" in "she"; and "zh" which should be pronounced like the "j" in "jump".
1979 May-June, Wang Fang, “The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake”, in Earthquake Information Bulletin‎^[18], volume 11, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 106, column 1:
The Tangshan earthquake of 1976 was one of the largest earthquakes in recent years. It occurred on July 28 at 3:42 a.m., Beijing (Peking) local time, and had magnitude 7.8, focal depth of 15 kilometers, and an epicentral intensity of XI on the New Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale; it caused serious damage and loss of life in this densly populated industrial city. Now, with the help of people from all over China, the city of Tangshan is being rebuilt.
Tangshan is located in northern China, 150 km east of the capital, Beijing.
1979, Govind Kelkar, “Preliminaries In Beijing”, in China After Mao: A Report on Socialist Development‎^[19], New Delhi: USHA Publications, →OCLC, page 12:
All of Beijing had Chairman Mao’s quotations splashed around, the most predominant one being, “Unite for greater victories”.
1990, Ronald Reagan, An American Life‎^[20], Pocket Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 369:
Thanks to some tutoring we'd gotten in Washington, Nancy and I both managed to handle our chopsticks with adequate deftness. We generally heeded advice that Richard Nixon, who'd come to Beijing in 1972, had given us before we left on the trip: Don't ask about the food they serve you at the big banquets, just swallow it. Still, I had difficultly identifying several items on my plate that first night, so I stirred them around in hopes of camouflaging my reluctance to eat them.
1999, “Beijing”, in The Book of the World, 2nd United States edition, Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 367:
The view from the coal hill of Mei Shan, highest elevation in the heart of Beijing, toward the Forbidden City is like a fantastic journey into the inexhaustible treasure-trove of Chinese culture. Perhaps no other metropolis is as deeply enthralled by the spell of its own history.
2003, Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Women's Rights are Human Rights”, in Living History‎^[21], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 300:
I was particularly troubled by a personal letter from Mrs. Wu, who was understandably worried about her husband’s fate and felt that my participation in the conference “would be sending a confused signal to the leaders in Beijing about the resolve of the U.S. to press for Harry’s release.”
2008, Nancy Pelosi, “A Voice That Will Be Heard”, in Know Your Power: A Message to America's Daughters‎^[22], Doubleday, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 92:
Another issue important to my district is human rights, specifically what is happening in China. My district includes San Francisco's famous Chinatown, and many of my constituents were deeply concerned—as was I—when the Chinese government began to crack down on protesters who were demonstrating peacefully in Beijing and throughout China. Huge demonstrations led to the Tiananmen Square massacre, where more than two thousand people who had dared to speak out against the government were killed and many more injured. The massacre was followed by even more suppression and imprisonment of protesters.
2010, George W. Bush, Decision Points‎^[23], New York: Crown Publishers, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 22:
The lessons of Harvard Business School were reinforced by an unlikely source: a trip to visit Mother and Dad in China after graduation. The contrast was vivid. I had gone from the West Point of capitalism to the eastern outpost of communism, from a republic of individual choice to a country where people all wore the same gray clothes. While riding my bike through the streets of Beijing, I occasionally saw a black limo with tinted windows that belonged to one of the party bigwigs. Otherwise there were few cars and no signs of a free market. I was amazed to see how a country with such a rich history could be so bleak.
2012 [1999 April 25], Zemin Jiang, “A New Signal”, in Selected Works of Jiang Zemin‎^[24], volume II, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 311:
This incident involved more people than any other incident in Beijing since the political disturbances in 1989. I have repeatedly emphasized the need to nip harmful tendencies in the bud and more readily report major incidents to higher authorities for instructions.
2022 May 9, Martin Quin Pollard, Brenda Goh, Zhang Yan, Winni Zhou, David Stanway, Ryan Woo, John Geddie, “'Like a prison': Shanghai, Beijing ratchet up COVID restrictions”, in Mark Heinrich, editor, Reuters‎^[25], archived from the original on 09 May 2022, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals:
Meanwhile, in the most severe restrictions imposed in Beijing so far, an area in the southwest of the capital on Monday forbade residents from leaving their neighbourhoods and ordered all activities not related to virus prevention to halt.
In other virus-hit districts of Beijing, residents have been told to work from home, some restaurants and public transport have closed, and additional roads, compounds and parks were sealed off on Monday. […]
Beijing has been hoping to avoid the weeks of lockdowns that Shanghai has endured but the growing number of residential buildings under lockdown orders is unnerving residents.
"I've already been working from home but I'm worried I might run out of daily supplies," said a 28-year-old resident of Changping district in north Beijing surnamed Wang after being barred from leaving her compound on Monday.
2022 October 24, Yuan Li, “A Lonely Protest in Beijing Inspires Young Chinese to Find Their Voice”, in The New York Times‎^[26], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 24 October 2022, Business‎^[27]:
A protester unfurled two banners on a highway overpass in central Beijing on Oct. 13, denouncing Xi Jinping as a “despotic traitor.” China’s censors went to great lengths to scrub the internet of any reference to the act of dissent, prohibiting all discussion and shutting down many offending social media accounts.

With Tones

1988, Wei-ping Liu, Readings in Modern Chinese [现代中文选读]‎^[28], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 74:
Lǎo Shě is the pen-name of Shū Qìngchūn (1899-1966). Born in Běijīng of Manchu ancestry, he graduated from Běijīng Normal College in 1917 and spent several years as a school teacher before going to England, where he taught Chinese in the School of Oriental Studies at London University.
2008, Sigrid Schmalzer, The People's Peking Man‎^[29], University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xii, 52:
Once I arrived in Běijīng, he made me feel completely welcome at the institute and facilitated my research. […]
The title Peking man itself had a double meaning: it represented both the early twentieth-century people of Běijīng, whose traditional attitudes threatened their very survival, and the creatures of half a million years earlier, for whom customs meant nothing and adapting to nature's laws was a way of life.
2012, Wang Ronghua, The Story of China Studies‎^[30], Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., →ISBN, page [31]:
The uprising troops marched into Běijīng and Tiānjīn and killed some foreigners in May and June of 1900, while the eight powers, namely the UK, Germany, Russia, France, the United States, Japan, Italy and Austria formed an army of over 2,000 soldiers and began their attack on Běijīng and Tiānjīn.
2015, Derek Padula, Dragon Soul: 30 Years of Dragon Ball Fandom‎^[32], →ISBN, →OCLC:
I ask them, "Aren't you afraid of practicing here in Běijīng, where the persecution is the strongest? That's like being Jewish in Nazi controlled Germany." […]
So after that I decided to go to Shàolín, and took a shuttle service from Hong Kong, which was a 47-hour train ride to Zhèngzhōu. But I arrived there at night, and the city is like nothing when you arrive. It's not a big city like Běijīng.
2017, Katia Chirkova, Yiya Chen, “Běijīng, The Language of”, in Encyclopedia of Chinese Languages and Linguistics‎^[33], volume I, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-17:
Situated for many centuries in the borderlands between China proper and the Altaic peoples to its north, the predecessor cities of present-day Běijīng served as capital to many non-Chinese dynasties, such as Jīn 金 (1115-1234), Yuán 元 (1260-1368), and Qīng 清 (1644-1911). […] Especially during the Míng 明 period (1368-1644), the transfer of the capital to Běijīng in 1421 led to a sizeable migration from the central linguistic zone of China to the new capital.
2019, Lonely Planet’s Wonders of the World‎^[34], Lonely Planet, →ISBN, page 185:
Běijīng is a year-round destination, but the spring months from April to May and the autumn months from September to November promise the best weather – cool nights, pleasantly warm days and limited rainfall.

Metonymy for the Government of the People's Republic of China

						1979 1980 1992	2000s 2010s 2021 2022 2023
ME «	15th c.	16th c.	17th c.	18th c.	19th c.	20th c.	21st c.

1979 January 14, L. Chen, “End of 'Peking' but now what?”, in Free China Weekly‎^[35], volume XX, number 2, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 4:
But don’t forget that Peiping still persists in class struggle, doesn’t want to talk about human rights, and can resort to oppressive means for the preservation of its own life. Be it “Peking” or “Beijing,” Mr. Carter is dealing with a regime that, when it can, will do everything to “bury the U.S.”
1980, Melvin Gurton, Byong-Moo Hwang, China under Threat: The Politics of Strategy and Diplomacy‎^[36], Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 210:
In Beijing’s view, in the absence of an explicit treaty provision, the central line of the main channel—the Thalweg principle—provided a legal basis for delimiting the boundary in the two rivers. On this basis, Beijing claimed that 600 of the rivers’ 700 islands—including Zhenbao Island on the Ussuri River, just 180 miles southwest of an important Soviet city, Khabarovsk—belonged to the P.R.C.
1992, Richard Nixon, “The Pacific Triangle”, in Seize the Moment‎^[37], Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 181:
In the Shanghai Communiqué of 1972, we recognized the fact that both Beijing and Taipei viewed Taiwan as part of China but unequivocally expressed our support for a peaceful settlement of the unification issue. While we should not alter the fundamental pillars of our policy, we should consider certain steps that will raise Taiwan's international standing.
2003, “Decisive Dates”, in Vivien Kim, editor, Tawian (Insight Guides)‎^[38], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 19, column 2:
1993 The first official governmental contacts between Taipei and Beijing take place in Singapore.
2005, Jesse Helms, “Foreign Relations Experiences”, in Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir‎^[39], New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 228–229:
In 1979, following Jimmy Carter’s unexpected and unreasonable decision to transfer diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act to preserve our relationship with this courageous nation. We believed that it was vital for our allies and for those who were not our allies to know that the United States would not abandon its friends.
2005, Bill Clinton, “Nine”, in My Life‎^[40], volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 173:
After the violence in Tiananmen Square and the crackdown on dissidents that followed, Americans from across the political spectrum felt the Bush administration had been too quick to reestablish normal relations with Beijing. During the election campaign I had been critical of President Bush's policy, and in 1993 I had issued an executive order requiring progress on a range of issues from emigration to human rights to forced prison labor before I would extend MFN to China.
2011, Henry Kissinger, On China‎^[41], New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 209:
The Chinese response hinted that Beijing was interested in ending its isolation but was in no hurry to abandon its anger.
2018 July 26, Muyu Xu, Josephine Mason, “China's Shanxi rolls out regional environmental checks, mills cut output”, in Tom Hogue, editor, Reuters‎^[42], archived from the original on 11 May 2022, Environment:
“Inspectors must keep high standards and not let violators pass the surprise checks,” said a statement from the environmental bureau of Luliang city, adding that anyone who is found forging emission data will be given a heavier punishment.
Seventy inspectors in Luliang have been dispatched to carry out checks up until Aug. 19. The Beijing-lead inspections are slated to start in Shanxi province from Aug. 20.
An official from the Luliang environmental bureau told Reuters a meeting was held by the Shanxi provincial government several days ago that gathered representatives from all cities to discuss the regional checks.
2018 August 6, “Taiwan’s Kinmen island begins importing water from China”, in AP News‎^[43], archived from the original on 07 March 2023:
The Taiwanese-controlled island of Kinmen located just off the Chinese coast has begun importing water from its neighbor via a pipeline despite heightened tensions between Beijing and Taipei.
2019, Ching-Tse Cheng, “Chinese spy confirms China's involvement in Taiwan 2020 election”, in Taiwan News‎^[44]:

Wang said that Beijing successfully backed several pro-China politicians, who won seats in the 2018 local elections. He added the CCP desperately wants to stop Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) from being re-elected.
Wang also disclosed details about CCP's plans to take over Hong Kong and Australia, reported Liberty Times.
2021, Miranda Devine, “The Super Chairman”, in Laptop from Hell‎^[45], Post Hill Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 119:
Che had "high-end clubs in Beijing and Hong Kong using beautiful women who serve high-ranking officials and rich people of all kinds," reported Epoch Times, an anti-Beijing newspaper backed by the outlaws religious movement, Falun Gong.
2022 March 24, Sarah Wu, “Ukraine war reverberates on Taiwan's 'frontline of democracy'”, in Gerry Doyle, editor, Reuters‎^[46], archived from the original on 10 May 2022, 公司新闻(英文):
Held by Taiwan since the defeated Republic of China government fled to Taipei in 1949 after losing the Chinese civil war, Matsu would probably be an immediate target for Beijing in a conflict, especially Dongyin’s missile base.
2022 June 2, Cate Cadell, Ellen Nakashima, “Beijing chafes at Moscow’s requests for support, Chinese officials say”, in The Washington Post‎^[47], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 06 June 2022‎^[48]:
Russian officials have raised increasingly frustrated requests for greater support during discussions with Beijing in recent weeks, calling on China to live up to its affirmation of a “no limits” partnership made weeks before the war in Ukraine began. But China’s leadership wants to expand assistance for Russia without running afoul of Western sanctions and has set limits on what it will do, according to Chinese and U.S. officials.
2022 June 13, Chun-mei Hwang, “Chinese leader Xi Jinping signs new rules governing 'non-war' military operations”, in Luisetta Mudie, transl., edited by Luisetta Mudie, Radio Free Asia‎^[49], archived from the original on 14 June 2022:
Chinese leader Xi Jinping has signed a directive allowing 'non-war' uses of the military, prompting concerns that Beijing may be gearing up to invade the democratic island of Taiwan under the guise of a "special operation" not classified as war.
2022 July 28, Matt Yu, Joseph Yeh, “Chinese drone detected near Taiwan-held island close to China: Army”, in Focus Taiwan‎^[50], archived from the original on 28 July 2022, Cross-Strait:
The incursion also came in the run up to a rumored trip to Taiwan by U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi in August, following a warning from the Chinese military that it will not sit idly by if Pelosi visits Taiwan, which Beijing sees as part of its territory.
2022 September 5, “China expresses understanding of reasons behind Russia’s special military operation — aide”, in TASS‎^[51], archived from the original on 05 September 2022‎^[52]:
Beijing expresses understanding of reasons that made Russia begin the special military operation for protection of Lugansk and Donetsk People’s Republics, Russian Presidential Aide Yuri Ushakov told reporters Monday.
2023 March 13, Eric Cheung, Nectar Gan, “Taiwan says soldier who went missing has been found in China”, in CNN‎^[53], archived from the original on 13 March 2023‎^[54]:
In recent years, Beijing has ramped up economic, diplomatic and military pressure on Taiwan – a self-ruling democracy the Chinese Communist Party claims as its own despite having never governed it.

With Tones

2021, Linda Jaivin, The Shortest History of China: From the Ancient Dynasties to a Modern Superpower—A Retelling for Our Times‎^[55], Black Inc., →ISBN, page [56]:
Běijīng’s insistence that it defines human rights differently than the West does little to reassure its critics.