Appendix:Uyghur adjectives

Main category: Uyghur adjectives

Gradable and non-gradable adjectives

Category of adjectival degree

Gradable adjectives (adjectives of degree)

The degree category of adjectives is the grammatical category which indicates the difference in degree of the quality expressed by an adjective or the speaker's subjective feeling about that quality.

Positive (original) degree

The original form of gradable adjectives represents the positive degree of adjectives. The positive degree of the adjective indicates the normal degree of the quality expressed by the adjective. For example:

ياخشى (yaxshi, “good”)

Decreasing degree

The decreasing degree form of the adjective is formed by attaching the suffix -راق (-raq) / -رەك (-rek) to the stem of the adjective. For example:

ئۇزۇن (uzun, “long”) ― ئۇزۇنراق (uzunraq, “rather long; longish”)

كىچىك (kichik, “small”) ― كىچىكرەك (kichikrek, “somewhat small; smallish”)

Emphatic degree

The emphatic degree form of the adjective is expressed by first of all pronouncing the first syllable with the sound پ (p) added to its constituent vowel, and then the whole adjective. For example:

قىزىل (qizil, “red”) ― قىپقىزىل (qipqizil, “bright red”)

سۈزۈك (süzük, “clear; transparent”) ― سۈپسۈزۈك (süpsüzük, “really clear; totally transparent”)

تىنچ (tinch, “quiet; still”) ― تىپتىنچ (tiptinch, “completely silent; stock-still”)

Endearing degree

The endearing degree of the adjective is formed by attaching the suffix -غىنا (-ghina) / -قىنا (-qina) / -گىنە (-gine) / -كىنە (-kine) to the adjectival stem. For example:

سالقىن (salqin, “cool”) ― سالقىنغىنا (salqin'ghina, “delightfully cool”)

ئوماق (omaq, “cute; lovely”) ― ئوماققىنا (omaqqina, “adorable; lovely; winsome”)

تۈزۈك (tüzük, “good; decent”) ― تۈزۈككىنە (tüzükkine, “fine; nice; splendid”)

ئەپچىل (epchil, “clever; skilful”) ― ئەپچىلگىنە (epchilgine, “good at a lot of things”)

Uyghur adjective degree suffixes and interfixes

	back vowel		front vowel
	voiced consonant	unvoiced consonant	voiced consonant	unvoiced consonant
Positive (original) degree
Decreasing degree	ـراق (-raq) Uyghur terms suffixed with ـراق		ـرەك (-rek) Uyghur terms suffixed with ـرەك
Emphatic degree	ـپـ (-p-) Uyghur terms interfixed with ـپـ
Endearing degree	ـغىنا (-ghina) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـغىنا not found	ـقىنا (-qina) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـقىنا not found	ـگىنە (-gine) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـگىنە not found	ـكىنە (-kine) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـكىنە not found

Non-gradable adjectives (adjectives without degree)

Repeated form of the adjective

Nominalization of the adjective

In Uyghur, some adjectives are able to transfer directly into the noun class and serve to express the name of the quality expressed by themselves, or of a certain object which possesses that quality. In such cases, they are declined exactly like nouns and function as nouns in the sentence. Some adjectives are always used as plural nouns when they occur with the nominal plural suffix.