Appendix:Slovene nouns/first feminine declension
The first feminine declension follow all feminine nouns that have ending -e in genitive singular and don't have ending -ih in genitive dual/plural. Nouns can follow all four accentual patterns, although the mobile accent is very rare and mobile accent is archaic or literary.
Basic sample
[edit]There are two different subpatterns; the first one is from Proto-Slavic a-stem declension and the second is from Proto-Slavic v-stem declension. Both declensions have merged in most forms, but some are still distinct, most notably nominative singular.
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | slȗžba | ||
| gen. sing. | slȗžbe | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
slȗžba | slȗžbi | slȗžbe |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
slȗžbe | slȗžb | slȗžb |
| dative dajȃlnik |
slȗžbi | slȗžbama | slȗžbam |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
slȗžbo | slȗžbi | slȗžbe |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
slȗžbi | slȗžbah | slȗžbah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
slȗžbo | slȗžbama | slȗžbami |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
slȗžba | slȗžbi | slȗžbe |
| First feminine declension (v-stem) , fixed accent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | podražȋtəv | ||
| gen. sing. | podražȋtve | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
podražȋtəv | podražȋtvi | podražȋtve |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
podražȋtve | podražȋtəv | podražȋtəv |
| dative dajȃlnik |
podražȋtvi | podražȋtvama | podražȋtvam |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
podražȋtəv | podražȋtvi | podražȋtve |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
podražȋtvi | podražȋtvah | podražȋtvah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
podražȋtvijo | podražȋtvama | podražȋtvam |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
podražȋtəv | podražȋtvi | podražȋtve |
Alterations
[edit]Note: the second form is, if not otherwise denoted, in genitive singular
- Some rare nouns get infix -n-
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent, -n- infix | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | Jȗno | ||
| gen. sing. | Junọ̑ne | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
Jȗno | Junọ̑ni | Junọ̑ne |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
Junọ̑ne | Junọ̑n | Junọ̑n |
| dative dajȃlnik |
Junọ̑ni | Junọ̑nama | Junọ̑nam |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
Junọ̑no | Junọ̑ni | Junọ̑ne |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
Junọ̑ni | Junọ̑nah | Junọ̑nah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
Junọ̑no | Junọ̑nama | Junọ̑nami |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
Junọ̑na | Junọ̑ni | Junọ̑ne |
- Some nouns have in nominative singular ending -e (Melpomene Melpomene), silent -e (Marguerite /maɾɡaˈɾîːt/ Marguerite /maɾɡaˈɾíːtè/), -o (Klȋo Klȋe), or a null ending (Artẹ̑mis Artẹ̑mide), but most of them also have regular vernacular versions (Melpomena, Margerita, Artemida). The non-vernacular versions can also be declined following the third feminine declension.
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent, ending silent -e in nominative singular | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | Marguerite | ||
| gen. sing. | Marguerite | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
Marguerite | Margueriti | Marguerite |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
Marguerite | Marguerit | Marguerit |
| dative dajȃlnik |
Margueriti | Margueritama | Margueritam |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
Marguerito | Margueriti | Marguerite |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
Margueriti | Margueritah | Margueritah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
Marguerito | Margueritama | Margueritami |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
Marguerite | Margueriti | Marguerite |
- Latin and Greek names can change the stem from -s to -d (Artẹ̑mis Artẹ̑mide), -n (Salamȋs Salamȋne), or -r (Cȇres Cȇrere). These also have vernacular versions for nominative singular (Artẹ̑mida, Salamȋna, Cȇrera).
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent, stem change from -s to -r (singularia tantum) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | Cȇres | ||
| gen. sing. | Cȇrere | ||
| singular | |||
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
Cȇres | ||
| genitive rodȋlnik |
Cȇrere | ||
| dative dajȃlnik |
Cȇreri | ||
| accusative tožȋlnik |
Cȇrero | ||
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
Cȇreri | ||
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
Cȇrero | ||
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
Cȇres | ||
- Some mixed accent nouns can in gentitive dual/plural also have ending -a (vóda genitive dual/plural vód/vodā, cẹ́rkəv genitive dual/plural cẹ̑rkəv/cerkvā) or -i (besẹ̑da genitive dual/plural besedī)
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , long mixed accent, ending -a in genitive dual/plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | vóda | ||
| gen. sing. | vodẹ̄ | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
vóda | vódi, vodẹ̑ | vodẹ̑ |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
vodẹ̄ | vodā | vodā |
| dative dajȃlnik |
vódi | vodȃma | vodȁm |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
vodọ̑ | vódi, vodẹ̑ | vodẹ̑ |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
vódi | vodȁh | vodȁh |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
vodọ́ | vodȃma | vodȃmi |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
vȏda | vȏdi, vodẹ̑ | vodẹ̑ |
- Nouns ending in a sonorant have an added fill vowel in genitive dual/plural. The fill vowel is usually /ə/, except before -j-, where the fill vowel is /i/. In some words, the fill vowel is not written, only pronounced (note that lj and nj represent only one sound when not followed by a vowel): dẹ́kla genitive dual/plural dẹ̑kəl 'maidservant', lādja genitive dual/plural lȃdij 'ship', zémlja genitive dual/plural zēməlj 'soil'.
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent, fill vowel -i- in genitive dual/plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | lādja | ||
| gen. sing. | lādje | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
lādja | lādji | lādje |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
lādje | lȃdij | lȃdij |
| dative dajȃlnik |
lādji | lādjama | lādjam |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
lādjo | lādji | lādje |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
lādji | lādjah | lādjah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
lȃdjo | lādjama | lādjami |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
lȃdja | lȃdji | lȃdje |
- Nouns of which the stem ends in a vowel also have an added -j in genitive dual/plural if without an ending: ọ̑boa genitive dual/plural ọ̑boj etc.
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent, added -j in genitive dual/plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | ọ̑boa | ||
| gen. sing. | ọ̑boe | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
ọ̑boa | ọ̑boi | ọ̑boe |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
ọ̑boe | ọ̑boj | ọ̑boj |
| dative dajȃlnik |
ọ̑boi | ọ̑boama | ọ̑boam |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
ọ̑boo | ọ̑boi | ọ̑boe |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
ọ̑boi | ọ̑boah | ọ̑boah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
ọ̑boo | ọ̑boama | ọ̑boami |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
ọ̑boa | ọ̑boi | ọ̑boe |
- The noun gospá is irregular and has acute accent on all the endings except in vocative.
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , short ending accent, irregular endings and accents | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | gospá | ||
| gen. sing. | gospẹ́ | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
gospá | gospẹ́ | gospẹ́ |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
gospẹ́ | gospá | gospá |
| dative dajȃlnik |
gospẹ́, gospẹ́j | gospẹ́ma | gospẹ́m |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
gospọ́ | gospẹ́ | gospẹ́ |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
gospẹ́, gospẹ́j | gospẹ́h | gospẹ́h |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
gospọ́ | gospẹ́ma | gospẹ́mi |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
gospȃ | gospẹ̑ | gospẹ̑ |
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent, showing signs of former r-stem declension | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | máti | ||
| gen. sing. | mátere | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
máti | máteri | mátere |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
mátere | mȃter | mȃter |
| dative dajȃlnik |
máteri | máterama | máteram |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
máter | máteri | mátere |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
máteri | máterah | máterah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
mȃterjo | máterama | máteram |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
mȃti | mȃteri | mȃtere |
Common colloquial or archaic additional forms
[edit]- Vernacular disyllabic nouns that have stress on open-mid first syllable have obsolete forms with short accent on the last syllable, which is still present in some dialects.
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , short ending accent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | ženȁ | ||
| gen. sing. | ženȅ | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
ženȁ | ženȉ | ženȅ |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
ženȅ | žén | žén |
| dative dajȃlnik |
ženȉ | ženȃma | ženȁm |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
ženȍ | ženȉ | ženȅ |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
ženȉ | ženȁh | ženȁh |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
ženȍ | ženȃma | ženȃmi |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
ženȁ | ženȉ | ženȅ |
- All v-stem nouns, as well as hčȋ have fully assimilated with a-stem nouns in many dialects.
| First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | podražȋtva | ||
| gen. sing. | podražȋtve | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative imenovȃlnik |
podražȋtva | podražȋtvi | podražȋtve |
| genitive rodȋlnik |
podražȋtve | podražȋtəv | podražȋtəv |
| dative dajȃlnik |
podražȋtvi | podražȋtvama | podražȋtvam |
| accusative tožȋlnik |
podražȋtvo | podražȋtvi | podražȋtve |
| locative mẹ̑stnik |
podražȋtvi | podražȋtvah | podražȋtvah |
| instrumental orọ̑dnik |
podražȋtvo | podražȋtvama | podražȋtvam |
| (vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
podražȋtəv | podražȋtvi | podražȋtve |