Appendix:Hebrew numbers
Whole numbers
[edit]Number words
[edit]Numeral notation
[edit]Hindu-Arabic numerals
[edit]For most purposes, modern Hebrew texts use exactly the same numeral notation as English ones: the Hindu-Arabic system, with the digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9, and with the most significant digit being on the left:
- איך מגיעים לכביש 17? ― 'eikh magi'ím likh'vísh 17? ― How do you get to Highway 17?
- יש 12,345 תלמידים. ― yesh 12,345 talmidím. ― There are 12,345 students.
As in English, such numbers are normally read out as words, with long strings of digits (such as phone numbers) being read out one digit at a time.
Hebrew numerals
[edit]But for a number of purposes, as well as in older texts, a system based on the Hebrew alphabet is used, with each letter being assigned a numeric value:
| Ones | Tens | Hundreds | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | א | 10 | י | 100 | ק |
| 2 | ב | 20 | כ | 200 | ר |
| 3 | ג | 30 | ל | 300 | ש |
| 4 | ד | 40 | מ | 400 | ת |
| 5 | ה | 50 | נ | 500 | תק |
| 6 | ו | 60 | ס | 600 | תר |
| 7 | ז | 70 | ע | 700 | תש |
| 8 | ח | 80 | פ | 800 | תת |
| 9 | ט | 90 | צ | 900 | תתק |
For numbers under one thousand, numbers are expressed using a combination of these letters, in order from highest to lowest; for example, 123 = 100 + 20 + 3 = ק ﬩ כ ﬩ ג is written as קכ״ג. There is a special case in order to avoid writing anything similar to a divine name: in numbers ending in 15 and 16, these digits are represented as ט״ו (9+6) and ט״ז (9+7), respectively. Gersháyim are often added between the last two letters if there is more than one letter, or when there is only one letter, a géresh is often placed after it. This is usually done to clarify that it is not a word, and so when the context is clear they are often omitted.
This system is frequently used in giving the day of the week; for example, news articles frequently include phrases such as הבוקר (א׳), meaning “this morning (Sunday)”.
Such numbers are read in a number of different ways, depending on the context; they are sometimes read out letter-by-letter, sometimes as ordinal numbers, sometimes as words (for example, ל״ג may be pronounced lag), and sometimes as cardinal numbers.
Table of numerals
[edit]| Number | Numeral | Cardinal | Ordinal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | אפס (éfes) | ||
| 1 | א׳ | אחד (ekhád) | ראשון (rishón) |
| 2 | ב׳ | שניים (sh'náyim) | שני (shení) |
| 3 | ג׳ | שלושה (sh'loshá) | שלישי (sh'lishí) |
| 4 | ד׳ | ארבעה (arba'á) | רביעי (r'vi'í) |
| 5 | ה׳ | חמישה (khamishá) | חמישי (khamishí) |
| 6 | ו׳ | שישה (shishá) | שישי (shishí) |
| 7 | ז׳ | שבעה (shiv'á) | שביעי (sh'vi'í) |
| 8 | ח׳ | שמונה (sh'moná) | שמיני (sh'miní) |
| 9 | ט׳ | תשעה (tish'á) | תשיעי (t'shi'í) |
| 10 | י׳ | עשרה (asará) | עשירי (asirí) |
| 11 | אחד עשר (akhád asár) | ||
| 12 | שנים עשר (sh'ném asár) | ||
| 13 | שלושה עשר (sh'loshá asár) | ||
| 14 | ארבעה עשר (arba'á asár) | ||
| 15 | חמישה עשר (khamishá asár) | ||
| 16 | שישה עשר (shishá asár) | ||
| 17 | שבעה עשר (shiv'á asár) | ||
| 18 | שמונה עשר (sh'moná asár) | ||
| 19 | תשעה עשר (tish'á asár) | ||
| 20 | כ׳ | עשרים (esrím) | |
| 30 | ל׳ | שלושים (sh'loshím) | |
| 40 | מ׳ | ארבעים (arba'ím) | |
| 50 | נ׳ | חמישים (khamishím) | |
| 60 | ס׳ | שישים (shishím) | |
| 70 | ע׳ | שבעים (shiv'ím) | |
| 80 | פ׳ | שמונים (sh'moním) | |
| 90 | צ׳ | תשעים (tish'ím) | |
| 100 | ק׳ | מאה (me'á) | מאי (me'í) |
| 200 | ר׳ | מאתיים (matáyim) | |
| 300 | ש׳ | שלושה מאות (shloshá me'ót) | |
| 400 | ת׳ | ארבעה מאות (arba'á me'ót) | |
| 500 | ך׳ | חמש מאות (khamésh me'ót) | |
| 600 | ם׳ | שש מאות (shesh me'ót) | |
| 700 | ן׳ | שבע מאות (shéva me'ót) | |
| 800 | ף׳ | שמונה מאות (sh'moná me'ót) | |
| 900 | ץ׳ | תשע מאות (tésha me'ót) | |
| 1,000 | אלף (élef) | ||
| 1,000,000 (106) | מיליון (milyón) | ||
| 1,000,000,000 (109) | מיליארד (milyárd) |