Appendix:Dictionary notes/back
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Adjective
[edit]| gloss | W1913 [1] | WN [2] | OED [3] | RHU [4] | CC [5] | DCE [6] | MW3 [7] | AH4 [8] | MQ4 [9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| at the back or in the rear | 1 | 1 | 1 | 31 | 29 | 1 | 1a | 1 | 25 |
| distant, remote | (included in 1) | 1a | 32 | 32 | 1b | 2 | 26 | ||
| in arrears | 2 | 3a | 34 | 2a | 4 | ||||
| moving or operating backward | 3 | 7 | 35 | 3a | 5? | 28 | |||
| near the posterior | (included in 1?) | 2 | |||||||
| of the past (~ issues) | 3 | 3b | 33 | 30 | 4 | 3 | 27 | ||
| pertaining to the spine | 24 | ||||||||
| located behind | 23 | ||||||||
| pronounced with the tongue back | 1c | 37 (phonetics) | 33 (phonetics) | 7 (technical) | 1c | 6 (linguistics) | 29 | ||
| reciprocal | 36 (navigation) | ||||||||
| inferior; obscure | 1b | ||||||||
| returning | 6 | 3b | |||||||
| behind and subsidiary | 2 | 2? | |||||||
| due for prior service (~ pay) | 31 | 2b | (included in 4) | ||||||
| from the back (~ view) | 3 |
Adverb
[edit]| gloss | W1913 [1] | WN [2] | OED [3] | RHU [4] | CC [5] | DCE [6] | MW3 [7] | AH4 [8] | MQ4 [9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in or toward the rear | 1 | 2 | 1 | 34 | 1a | 1 | |||
| to the original place | 2 | 1 | 5 | 35 | 1 | 2a | 2 | ||
| to a former state | 3 | 3 | 6, 7a (original state) | 2 | 3 | ||||
| ago | 4 | 11 | (included in 7) | 2b | |||||
| away from contact | 5 | 10 | |||||||
| in reserve | 6 | 10? | 39 | 1f | 5 | ||||
| in restraint | 7 | 1e1 | 6 | ||||||
| in return (pay ~) | 8 | 6 | 8 | 37 | 6 | 2c1 | 7 | ||
| in withdrawal | 9 | 3 | (included in 2c3) | ||||||
| in arrears | 10 | 12 | 1g | ||||||
| backward in time | 4 | 4 | 36 | 7, 12 (toward the beginning) | 1c | 4 | |||
| in reply | 5 | (included in 37) | 5 | 2c3 | (included in 7) | ||||
| away from the front or ordinary position | 2 | 1b | |||||||
| (having) returned | 7b | ||||||||
| together with an alcoholic drink | 13 (US slang) | ||||||||
| at less than a perpendicular angle | 1d | ||||||||
| in a disadvantageous state | 1e2 | ||||||||
| backstage | 1h | ||||||||
| in retaliation | (included in 37) | 2c2 | |||||||
| once again (read ~) | 8 | 3 | |||||||
| in check | 38 | ||||||||
| in a former place | 3 | ||||||||
| backward in space | 4 | ||||||||
| in a relaxed way | 9 |
Noun
[edit]| gloss | W1913 [1] | WN [2] | OED [3] | RHU [4] | CC [5] | DCE [6] | MW3 [7] | AH4 [8] | MQ4 [9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| large shallow vat | 1 | 1II | 1II | 1II | |||||
| ferryboat | 2 | ||||||||
| hinder part of the body | 1II | 1 | 1 (anatomical), 2a | 1 (humans), 2 (animals) | 1 (human), 2 (animal) | 1 | 1a1 (human), 1b (vertebrates) | 1a (human), 1b (animal) | 1 (humans), 2 (animals) |
| extended upper part (~ of the hills) | 2II | ||||||||
| outward or upper part | 3II | 2b1 | |||||||
| rear part of a thing (opposite front) | 4II | 2 | 3a | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2a1 | 3 | 5 |
| part out of sight, or opposite the part in view | 5II | 3 | 5a | 5 | 3 (less important) | 2a2 | 4 | ||
| edge of a tool opposite the cutting edge | 6II | 4d | 2c6 | ||||||
| reserve support | 7II | ||||||||
| keel and keelson | 8II (nautical) | 17 | 9 (nautical) | ||||||
| upper part of a lode | 9II (mining) | 2b5 | 12? (mining) | ||||||
| roof of a horizontal underground passage | (included in 9II) (mining) | 17 (mining) (stope or drift) | 2b4 | ||||||
| portion of clothing covering the back | 10II | 7 | 9 (rear of garment) | 8 | 6 | ||||
| player in the backfield | 4 (soccer) | 21 (soccer) | (included in 18a) | 16 | 8a (various sports) | 10 (soccer etc.) | |||
| spine | 5 | 9 | 3 | 1c | 2 | 7 | |||
| book binding | 6 | 4c | 13 | 9 | 1f | 7a, 7b | (included in 8) | ||
| backrest | 8 | 10 | 4 | 2d | |||||
| player behind the line of scrimmage | 9 (US football) | (included in 18a) | 5b | ||||||
| rear of any body part | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| whole body, for clothing purposes | 2b | 4 | 1a2 | 4 | |||||
| rear part providing reinforcement | 8 | ||||||||
| capacity to bear a responsibility | 10 | ||||||||
| inside margin of a page | 2f2 | 13 (printing) | |||||||
| effort | 5 | ||||||||
| part forming the rear | (included in 10) | 7 | |||||||
| part of an object providing support | 10 | 7 | 6 | ||||||
| forward part of propeller blade | 11 (nautical, aviation) | ||||||||
| upper part of aircraft fuselage | 12 (aviation) | ||||||||
| exterior curve of an arch | 15 (architecture) | ||||||||
| upper side of a joist | 16a (carpentry) | ||||||||
| area of wall between window stool and floor | 16b (carpentry) | ||||||||
| player behind the line of contact | 18a (sports) | 8a | 5a | ||||||
| position of a player behind the line of contact | 18b (sports) | 8b | 8b | ||||||
| part of the body which carries burdens | 2c | ||||||||
| the part of an animal body opposite the motor organs | 2d | ||||||||
| room at the back of a house | 3b | ||||||||
| outer side of the hand | 4a | ||||||||
| underside of a leaf | 4b | ||||||||
| back country; back 40 | 5b | ||||||||
| the time after | 6 (obsolete) | ||||||||
| back armor | 8a | ||||||||
| defense | 8b | ||||||||
| rear of an army | 11 (archaic) | ||||||||
| following; supporters | 12 (obsolete) | ||||||||
| surface of waves, etc. | 13 | 1e? | |||||||
| ridge | 14 (obsolete) | ||||||||
| convex part of a bent surface | 15 | ||||||||
| upper part of a horizontal beam | 16 (archaic) | 2b2 | |||||||
| removable rear part of camera body | 2007 addendum (photography) | ||||||||
| capacity to endure | 1a3 | ||||||||
| jumpee position in leapfrog | 1g | ||||||||
| remote part | 2a3 | ||||||||
| side of a type piece | 2b3 | ||||||||
| cleavage in coal seam | ? | 2b6 | |||||||
| backing (hunting dog) | ? | 3 | |||||||
| convex part of a sawtooth | 2j | ||||||||
| longest leaf of a leaf spring | 2i | ||||||||
| back yard | 2h | ||||||||
| reverse of paper money | 2g | ||||||||
| last pages of a book | 5 | 2f1 | |||||||
| upper surface of tongue opposite the soft palate | 4 | ||||||||
| non-forward rugby player | 5b | ||||||||
| reverse side | 5 | ||||||||
| part furthest from the front | 6 | (included in 2) |
Verb
[edit]| gloss | W1913 [1] | WN [2] | OED [3] | RHU [4] | CC [5] | DCE [6] | MW3 [7] | AH4 [8] | MQ4 [9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| drive backward | 3 | 4 | 15a, 15b | 21 | 20 | 2 | 3a | 1 | 15 |
| provide financial backing | 5 | (included in 22) | (included in 1a) | (included in 1d) | (included in 14) | ||||
| move backward | 1II | 2 | 16a | 29 | (included in 20) | (included in 2) | 1II | 1II | 21 |
| provide one's support to | 7 | 1,3 (endorse) | 19 | 22 | 1a | 1a | 3 | 14 | |
| substantiate | 9 | 5? | 1b | 1b | 6 | ||||
| mount | 1 | 10a (rare) | 25 | 2 | 17 (archaic) | ||||
| place upon the back | 2 | 20 (US) | |||||||
| furnish with a back | 4 | 10 | 2a | 22 | 24 | 3 | 4a | 2 | 18 |
| be at the back of | 5 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 4 | 4b | 7 | 19 | |
| write on the back of | 6 | ||||||||
| indorse (~ a check) | (included in 6) | (included in 1) | 12a (warrant), 12b (check) | 26 | 26 | 1d | 20 | ||
| bet on the success of | 8 | 7 | 7 | 20 | 23 | 6 (risk money) | 1c | 5 | 16 |
| shift counterclockwise (of wind) | 2II (nautical) | 8 | 17 | 30 (nautical) | 28 | 3II | 2II | 22 (nautical) | |
| stand still behind another dog which has pointed | 3II (hunting) | 9 (hunting) | 6, 2II | ||||||
| accompany musically | 4c | 24 | 25 | 5 | 1III | 4 | |||
| attach laths to the upper part of a joist or rafter | 27 (carpentry) | ||||||||
| move a sail so the forward face is into the wind | 28a (nautical) | 8 | |||||||
| brace yards while backing a sail | 28b (nautical) | ||||||||
| reinforce an anchor with a smaller one dropped further away | 28c (nautical) | 7 | |||||||
| coat the back of a plate with a light-absorbing substance | 2b | 4e | |||||||
| prepare a book for binding boards | 2c | 4d | |||||||
| provide physical support | 4 | (included in 1a) | |||||||
| set or lay back | 14a | ||||||||
| abut at the back | 21 | 27 | 4II | ||||||
| supply the first stage of exhaustion for a pump | 1e | ||||||||
| make a sound while moving the tonge further back | 3b | ||||||||
| print on the reverse as well as the front | 12c | 4c1 | |||||||
| fill a shell with metal to form a printing plate | 4c2 | ||||||||
| reinforce a stereotype matrix so it can withstand the pressure of molten metal | 4c3 | ||||||||
| address an envelope | 5 (dialectal) |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=back
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=back
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50016262 (subscription) Those senses not attested after 1500 are ignored here.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/back
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 HarperCollins Publishers (2001) “back”, in Sinclair et al., editors, Collins Concise Dictionary, 5th ed., →ISBN, pages 101-102
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Pearson Education Ltd. (2003) “back”, in Quirk et al., editors, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 4th ed., →ISBN, pages 91-92
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/unabridged?va=back (subscription)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 http://www.bartleby.com/61/95/B0009500.html
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/ (subscription)