Appendix:Arabic roots/خ م ر
Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Note that the meanings related to fermentation have been deemed to descend from Aramaic derivations of the root ח־מ־ר / ܚ ܡ ܪ. Compare also ح م ض (ḥ m ḍ) “sour”, cognate to Hebrew ח־מ־ץ (ḥ-m-ṣ, “sour”) and to Aramaic ח־מ־ע / ܚ ܡ ܥ which is also used for fermentation.
Root
[edit]خ م ر • (ḵ m r)
- Related to covering
- Related to rising (of dough) or fermentation
Derived terms
[edit]- Form I: خَمَرَ (ḵamara)
- Form II: خَمَّرَ (ḵammara)
- Form III: خَامَرَ (ḵāmara)
- Verbal noun: مُخَامَرَة (muḵāmara)
- Active participle: مُخَامِر (muḵāmir)
- Passive participle: مُخَامَر (muḵāmar)
- Form IV: أَخْمَرَ (ʔaḵmara)
- Form V: تَخَمَّرَ (taḵammara)
- Verbal noun: تَخَمُّر (taḵammur)
- Active participle: مُتَخَمِّر (mutaḵammir)
- Passive participle: مُتَخَمَّر (mutaḵammar)
- Form VI: تَخَامَرَ (taḵāmara)
- Verbal noun: تَخَامُر (taḵāmur)
- Active participle: مُتَخَامِر (mutaḵāmir)
- Passive participle: مُتَخَامَر (mutaḵāmar)
- Form VIII: اِخْتَمَرَ (iḵtamara)
- Verbal noun: اِخْتِمَار (iḵtimār)
- Active participle: مُخْتَمِر (muḵtamir)
- Passive participle: مُخْتَمَر (muḵtamar)
- Form X: اِسْتَخْمَرَ (istaḵmara)
- Verbal noun: اِسْتِخْمَار (istiḵmār)
- Active participle: مُسْتَخْمِر (mustaḵmir)
- Passive participle: مُسْتَخْمَر (mustaḵmar)
- خَمْر (ḵamr)
- خَمْرَة (ḵamra)
- خَمَر (ḵamar)
- خَمِر (ḵamir)
- خِمْر (ḵimr)
- خِمِّير (ḵimmīr)
- خَمِير (ḵamīr)
- خَمِيرَة (ḵamīra)
- خِمَار (ḵimār)
- خِمْرَة (ḵimra)
- خُمَار (ḵumār)
- خُمْرَة (ḵumra)
- خَمّار (ḵammār)
- خَمَّارَة (ḵammāra)
Further reading
[edit]- “ḥmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “خ م ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 403–404
- Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 43
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 158 seqq.
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 160–161
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “خ م ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 523–525
- Jacob, Georg (1897) Altarabisches Beduinenleben nach den Quellen geschildert[3] (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Mayer & Müller, page 99
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 125–126
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “خ م ر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[4] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 630–632
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 418
- Lagarde, Paul de (1889) Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; 35)[5] (in German), Göttingen: Dieterichsche Verlags-Buchhandlung, page 207
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “خ م ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[6], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 807–810
- Richter, Paul, Arzt für Hautkrankheiten in Berlin (1913) “Beiträge zur Geschichte der alkoholhaltigen Getränke bei den orientalischen Völkern und des Alkohols”, in Archiv für die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik[7] (in German), volume 4, Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, page 440
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “خ م ر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 302–303