-shëm
Appearance
Albanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Tosk dialect, from Proto-Albanian *-(i)sama,[1] which may be from either:
- Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same, whole, one”), cognate with Old High German -sam (“-some”), Old Norse -samr (“-some”)
- Proto-Indo-European *-is(t)m̥mos (superlative suffix), cognate with Latin -issimus (“-est”) and Old Irish -em (“-est”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-shëm m (feminine -shme)
- Makes masculine adjectives from verbs and nouns. The most common meaning the suffix carries is comparable to -able in English.
Usage notes
[edit]While there are certain exceptions, there are some general rules for adding this suffix.
- Verbs that end in -oj generally replace -oj with -ueshëm.
- adhuroj (“I adore; I worship”) + -shëm → adhurueshëm (“absorbing, fascinating; adorable, charming, lovely”)
- admiroj (“I admire”) + -shëm → admirueshëm (“admirable; delightful, lovely”)
- Verbs ending in -ej will replace the -ej with -yeshëm.
- shkëlqej (“I excel; I shine, glow”) + -shëm → shkëlqyeshëm (“excellent, brilliant; bright, brilliant”)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 164