-cian

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cian"

Old English

Alternative forms

• -ecian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-ukōn, *-ikōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ukōną, *-ikōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈki.ɑn/

Suffix

-cian

1. suffix applied to verbs and deverbal nouns to form other verbs with an intensive or frequentative force

Usage notes

• Occasionally triggers i-mutation in the verb stem.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -cian (weak class 2)

infinitive	-cian	-cienne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	-ciġe	-code
second person singular	-cast	-codest
third person singular	-caþ	-code
plural	-ciaþ	-codon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	-ciġe	-code
plural	-ciġen	-coden
imperative
singular	-ca
plural	-ciaþ
participle	present	past
	-ciende	-cod

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -cian

bedecian

cleacian

fercian

gearcian

Descendants

• Middle English: -ken
  • English: -k, (dialectal) -ock
    • ⇒ English: jummock (“to jolt, work up and down”) (dialectal)
  • Scots: -k