-TʼOD

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tod"

Navajo

Etymology 1

Exact identification of the root is difficult.

Possibly cognate with -TʼÓÓD (“to suck”) from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼutʼ (“to suck, or muddy matter moves”) describing the subject's mud-like texture. Compare Ahtna kultʼotʼ (“ground is soft”), Koyukon xɑltʼut (“area is muddy”), Tsuut'ina -t’ùd-ā (“to be boiled soft”), Tsuut'ina -t’ùh-ā (“to be silky, velvety”).

Alternatively, cognate with -TʼÓÓD (“to tear”) from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼučʼ (“to peel, to strip”), describing the subject's tearing apart from being too soft or overboiled.

Root

-TʼOD

1. to be soft, tender, flexible, over-boiled

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
di + ∅		S is soft, over-boiled ditʼod (∅-MOM) ditʼódí (NEUT) naatʼood (CONT?)	S over-boils O yidiłtʼod

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼoł	-tʼod	-tʼod
CONT	-tʼood	-	-	-	-
NEUT	-tʼódí	-	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to be soft:

• -CHÁÁZH
• -ZHÓLÍ

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼOD (soft)

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼʊɢ (“to shoot an arrow”), with an irregular coda evolution (*-g> -ʼ or -h would be expected). The original velar resurfaces in béésh astʼogii (“flint arrowhead”). See -TʼOH for the regularly derived root.

Alternatively, from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼut’ (“to suck”). Compare Koyukon utʼʊtʼ (“it sticks by suction, (fabric) sticks to the needle”). See -TʼÓÓD for the regularly derived root.

Root

-TʼOD

1. arrow is stuck (into flesh)

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
∅		S is stuck in P biztʼod

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼOD (stuck arrow)