𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺

Prakrit

𑀘𑀁𑀤𑁄 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (caṃdo rattīe)

Alternative forms

• 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (rattī), 𑀭𑀸𑀇 (rāi), 𑀭𑀸𑀈 (rāī)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂

Proto-Indo-European *-trih₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HráHtriH

Sanskrit रात्री॑ (rā́trī)

Sanskrit रात्रि॑ (rā́tri)

Prakrit 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺 (lāti) (only attested in Eastern dialects), from Sanskrit रात्रि॑ (rā́tri).

The variation between forms with /tt/ and no medial consonant (from earlier /t/) originates in differing Old Indo-Aryan syllabification patterns; 𑀭𑀸𑀇 (rāi) is from */ˈɾɑː.t̪ɾi/, while 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti) is from */ˈɾɑːt̪.ɾi/.

Noun

𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti) f (Devanagari रत्ति)

1. night

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (rattī)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (rattīo) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (rattī)
Accusative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀁 (rattiṃ)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (rattīo) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (rattī)
Instrumental	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (rattīe)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀳𑀺 (rattīhi) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (rattīhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (rattīo)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (rattīhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (rattīe)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀡 (rattīṇa) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀡𑀁 (rattīṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (rattīe)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀼 (rattīsu) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (rattīsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (rattī)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (rattīo) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (rattī)

Sauraseni declension of 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (rattī)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (rattīo)
Accusative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀁 (rattiṃ)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (rattīo)
Instrumental	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (rattīe)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (rattīhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀤𑁄 (rattīdo)	—
Genitive	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (rattīe)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀡𑀁 (rattīṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀏 (rattīe)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀼 (rattīsu) or 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (rattīsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti)	𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻𑀑 (rattīo)

Descendants

• Apabhramsa: रत्ति (ratti)

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Awadhi: रात (rāt)
    • Fiji Hindi: raat
  • Haryanvi: रात (rāt)
  • Old Hindi: رتی (rty /⁠ratī⁠/)
    • Braj: रात (rāt)
    • Bundeli: रात (rāt)
    • Kannauji: रात
    • Middle Hindi: رت (rt /⁠rat⁠/), رات (rat /⁠rāt⁠/)
      • Hindustani: rāt

        Hindi: रात

        Urdu: رات

• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Bengali–Assamese:
    • Early Assamese: ৰাতি (rati)
      • Assamese: ৰাতি (rati)
    • Old Bengali: রাতি (rāti)
      • Bengali: রাত (rat), রাতি (rati)
      • Chakma: 𑄢𑄬𑄖𑄴 (ret)
      • Rohingya: rait
      • Sylheti: ꠞꠣꠁꠔ (rait)
  • Bihari:
    • Bhojpuri: राति (rāti)
    • Magahi: 𑂩𑂰𑂞𑂱 (rāti)
    • Maithili: राति (rāit)
  • Odia: ରାତି (rāti)
• Insular Indo-Aryan: (from 𑀭𑀸𑀇 (rāi))
  • Dhivehi: ރޭ (rē), ރެއި (rei) — Addu
  • Sinhalese: රෑ (rǣ)
• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Kumaoni: रात (rāt)
  • Nepali: रात (rāt), राति (rāti)
  • Western Pahari:
    • Bhattiyali: रात (rāt)
    • Bilaspuri: रात (rāt)
    • Chinali: रात (rāt)
    • Churahi: रात (rāt)
    • Gaddi: रात (rāt)
    • Jaunsari: रात (rāt)
    • Kullu Pahari: रात (rāt)
    • Mahasu Pahari: रात (rāt)
    • Mandeali: रात (rāt)
    • Pangwali: रात (rāt)
    • Sirmauri: रात (rāt)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Punjabi:
    • Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਤ (rāt)
    • Shahmukhi script: رات (rāt)
  • Kachchi: રાત (rāt)
  • Saraiki: رات (rāt)
  • Sindhi: رات (rāti)
• Southern Indo-Aryan:
  • Konkani: रात (rāt)
  • Marathi: रात (rāt)
  • Varli: રાત (rāt)
• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Old Gujarati: रात (rāta)
    • Gujarati: રાત (rāt)
    • Marwari: रात (rāt)
  • Romani: rat, ratyi (Anglicized), rǎt, rǎtǐ (International Standard)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*rāˊtrī”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 619