𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟

Prakrit

Etymology tree

Sanskrit मर्क (marka)?

Sanskrit -ट (-ṭa)?

Sanskrit म॒र्कट॑ (markáṭa)

Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa)

Inherited from Sanskrit म॒र्कट॑ (markáṭa), possibly from मर्क (marka) + -ट (-ṭa).

𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa) m (Devanagari मक्कड) ^[1]

Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Sinhalese: මකුළුවා (makuḷuwā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: माकल (mākal)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Konkani: मांकड (māṅkaḍ), मांकोड (māṅkoḍ)
- Old Marathi: माकोडा (mākoḍā)
  - Marathi: माकड (mākaḍ)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: માકડું (mākḍũ, “red-faced monkey”)

Etymology tree

Sanskrit मर्कट (markaṭa)

Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa)

The relationship with Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄𑀟 (makkoḍa, “kind of insect”), 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀼𑀡 (makkuṇa, “bug”) is unclear; these may be variants of the same term, ultimately loaned from a substrate and Sanskritised.

𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa) m (Devanagari मक्कड) ^[2]

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: मकड़ा (makṛā), मकड़ी (makṛī)
  - Urdu: مَکْڑَا (makṛā), مَکْڑِی (makṛī)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali–Assamese:
  - Assamese: মকৰা (mokora), মাকাৰা (makara) — Central, মাক্ৰা (makra) — Kamrupi
  - Bengali: মাকড় (makoṛ), ⇒ মাকড়সা (makṛośa), ⇒ মাকড়শা (makṛośa)
  - Bishnupriya Manipuri: ⇒ মাকড়সা
- Odia: ମକ୍ରୀ (makri)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Sinhalese: මකුළුවා (makuḷuwā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: माकुरो (mākuro)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Punjabi: ਮੱਕਡ਼ (makkaṛ, “grasshopper; spider”), ਮੱਕਡ਼ੀ (makkaṛī, “spider”)
  
  Western Panjabi: مَکَّڑ (makkaṛ, “grasshopper; spider”), مَکَّڑِی (makkaṛī, “spider”)
- Sindhi:
  Arabic script: مَڪَڙُ (“locust”), مَڪِڙيِ
  
  Devanagari script: मकड़ु (“locust”), मकिड़ी
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: માકડ (mākaḍ, “bedbug”), માકડી (mākḍī)

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “markáṭa¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 568
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “markaṭa²”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 568