πππππ
Appearance
Prakrit
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit ΰ€ΰ€€ΰ₯ΰ€·ΰ₯ΰ€ (catuαΉ£ka). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit ππ€πΌπππ (cadukka).
Noun
[edit]πππππ (caΓΌkka) n (Devanagari ΰ€ΰ€ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€, Gujarati ΰͺΰͺΰͺΰ«ΰͺ, Kannada ΰ²ΰ²ΰ²ΰ³ΰ²) (ArdhamΔgadhΔ«, MΔhΔrΔαΉ£αΉrΔ«)
- square, crossroads
- c. 700 CE, Anonymous, MaαΉipati-Carita 5:
- πππ«πΌπ³-πππππ-πππππ-π’πΊπ¬-πππ¬π-π’πππ‘ππ³πΊ π²πΌ-π―πΊπͺπ’ππ’πΈ ππ«π‘π»π¬πΈ ππΈπ«-π²ππ-π§πΌπππππ‘π»-π¦πΊπ¬π-π²πππΌπ’ππ’πΈ
- caΓΌmuha-caΓΌkka-caccara-tiya-goyara-toraαΉehi su-vibhattΔ ramaαΉΔ«yΔ rΔma-saro-pukkharaαΉΔ«-niyara-saαΉjuttΔ
- [There in that pleasant country [β¦] ] is a city properly divided by gates giving access to squares, court-yards, and intersections of three or four roads, attractive and possessed of numbers of agreeable lakes and lotus-pools.
- πππ«πΌπ³-πππππ-πππππ-π’πΊπ¬-πππ¬π-π’πππ‘ππ³πΊ π²πΌ-π―πΊπͺπ’ππ’πΈ ππ«π‘π»π¬πΈ ππΈπ«-π²ππ-π§πΌπππππ‘π»-π¦πΊπ¬π-π²πππΌπ’ππ’πΈ
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Central:
- Hindustani: cauk, caukΔ, cauk
- Hindi: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€, ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€Ύ, ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ₯
- Urdu: ΪΩΩΪ©, ΪΩΩΪ©ΩΨ§, ΪΩΩΪ©ΩΫ
- Hindustani: cauk, caukΔ, cauk
- Eastern:
- Assamese: ΰ¦ΰ§ΰ¦ΰ¦Ύ (souka), ΰ¦ΰ¦ΰ§ (soki)
- Bengali: ΰ¦ΰ¦ (cok), ΰ¦ΰ§ΰ¦ (cΕuk), ΰ¦ΰ§ΰ¦ΰ¦Ύ (cΕuka)
- Bihari:
- Bhojpuri: ΰ€ΰ€ΰ€ (cauk), ΰ€ΰ€ΰ€ΰ€Ύ (caukΔ)
- Maithili: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ₯ (caukΔ«)
- Odia: ΰ¬ΰ¬ΰ¬ (cauka), ΰ¬ΰΰ¬ΰ¬Ύ (caukΔ), ΰ¬ΰ¬ΰ¬ΰ¬Ώ (cauki)
- Northern:
- Western Pahari:
- Bhadrawahi: [script needed] (ΔΓΆuk)
- Central Pahari:
- Kumaoni: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€, ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ₯, ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ₯
- Eastern Pahari:
- Nepali: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ (cauk), ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ₯ (cauko), ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€Ώ (cauki)
- Western Pahari:
- Northwestern:
- Sindhi: caΕ©ku, caΕ©ko, caΕ©kΔ«
- Arabic script: ΪΩΩΩΪͺΩ, ΪΩΩΩΪͺΩ, ΪΩΩΩΪͺΩΩ
- Devanagari script: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€ΰ₯, ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€ΰ₯, ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€ΰ₯
- Punjabi: cauk, caukkΔ, caukΔ, caukΔ«
- Gurmukhi script: ΰ¨ΰ©ΰ¨, ΰ¨ΰ©ΰ©±ΰ¨ΰ¨Ύ, ΰ¨ΰ©ΰ¨ΰ¨Ύ, ΰ¨ΰ©ΰ¨ΰ©
- Shahmukhi script: ΪΩΩΪ©, ΪΩΩΪ©ΩΩΨ§, ΪΩΩΪ©ΩΨ§, ΪΩΩΪ©ΩΫ
- Sindhi: caΕ©ku, caΕ©ko, caΕ©kΔ«
- Southern:
- Konkani: cauku
- Devanagari script: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€
- Latin script: chouk
- Kannada script: ΰ²ΰ³ΰ²ΰ³
- Old Marathi: cauka
- Devanagari script: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€
- Modi script: ππΌπ
- Marathi: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ (cauk)
- Konkani: cauku
- Western:
- Gujarati: ΰͺΰ«ΰͺ (cok), ΰͺΰ«ΰͺΰ« (coko), ΰͺΰ«ΰͺΰ« (cokΔ«), ΰͺΰ«ΰͺΰͺΏΰͺ―ΰ«ΰͺ (cokiyΕ©)
References
[edit]- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 210
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritβ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 19.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969β1985) βcatuαΉ£kaβ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press