๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก

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Ashokan Prakrit

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡a, โ€œcause, reason, factorโ€), ultimately from the root เค•เฅƒ (kแน›). Cognate with Pali kฤraแน‡a.

Noun

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๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡an[1]

  1. purpose, cause

Alternative forms

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Attested at Girnar.

Dialectal forms of ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (โ€œpurpose, causeโ€)
Variety Location Lemmas Forms
Central Kalsi ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ฆ (kฤlana)
Delhi-Topra ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ฆ (kฤlana)
Northwest Shahbazgarhi ๐จ๐จช๐จž (karaแน‡a)
West Girnar ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡a)
Map of dialectal forms of ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (โ€œpurpose, causeโ€)
๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ฆ (kฤlana) (2)
๐จ๐จช๐จž (karaแน‡a) (1)
๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡a) (1)

Descendants

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  • Prakrit: ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡a) (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œkฤraแน‡aโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Pali

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Alternative scripts

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Noun

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๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก n

  1. Brahmi script form of kฤraแน‡a

Declension

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Prakrit

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Etymology

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Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡a).

Noun

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๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡an (Devanagari เค•เคพเคฐเคฃ)

  1. cause, reason, purpose
  2. means

Declension

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Magadhi declension of ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤiแนƒ)
Accusative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤiแนƒ)
Instrumental ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡eแน‡a) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡eแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡ehi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ehiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ค๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡ฤdo) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ข๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡atto) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡ฤhiแนƒto) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ค๐‘€ผ (kฤraแน‡ฤdu) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡ฤhi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (kฤraแน‡ฤ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ฐ๐‘€ผ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡aล›uแนƒto) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡ฤhiแนƒto) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡ฤhi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ข๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡atto) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ค๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡ฤdo) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ค๐‘€ผ (kฤraแน‡ฤdu)
Genitive ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ฐ๐‘†๐‘€ฐ (kฤraแน‡aล›ล›a) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ (kฤraแน‡ฤha) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤแน‡aแนƒ) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤhaแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚ (kฤraแน‡e) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡amhi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡ammi) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฐ๐‘€ผ (kฤraแน‡eล›u) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฐ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡eล›uแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤiแนƒ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (kฤraแน‡ฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (kฤraแน‡ฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡eแน‡a) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡eแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡ehi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (kฤraแน‡ฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (kฤraแน‡ฤo) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (kฤraแน‡ฤu) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (kฤraแน‡ฤ) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡ฤhi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (kฤraแน‡ฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (kฤraแน‡assa) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡ฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (kฤraแน‡ammi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚ (kฤraแน‡e) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (kฤraแน‡esu) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡esuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก (kฤraแน‡a) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (kฤraแน‡ฤ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (kฤraแน‡ฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (kฤraแน‡ฤi)

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œkฤraแน‡aโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ€“1928) โ€œเค•เคพเคฐเคฃโ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแน‡แน‡avo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Noun

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๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ก โ€ข (kฤraแน‡a) stemn

  1. Brahmi script form of เค•เคพเคฐเคฃ