𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭

Prakrit

Alternative forms

• 𑀓𑀸𑀤𑀮 (kādala) — Māgadhī (see there for further descendants)
• 𑀓𑀸𑀅𑀭 (kāara) — Māhārāṣṭrī (see there for further descendants)
• 𑀓𑀸𑀤𑀭 (kādara) — Śaurasenī (see there for further descendants)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀸𑀢𑀭 (kātara).

Adjective

𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (kāyara) (Devanagari कायर, Gujarati કાયર) (Ardhamāgadhī)

1. timid, cowardly
   • Prākṛta-sūkta-ratna-mālā 58:

     𑀚𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀬 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀸 𑀮𑀺𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀁 𑀢𑀁-𑀘𑀺𑀬 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀫𑀇 𑀲𑀬𑀮-𑀮𑁄𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁇
     𑀇𑀬 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑁂𑀯𑀺-𑀳𑀼 𑀥𑀻𑀭𑀸 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀼𑀭𑁂𑀯𑀺 𑀦 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 𑀳𑀼𑀁𑀢𑀺𑁈

     jaṃ-ciya vihiṇā lihiaṃ taṃ-ciya pariṇamaï sayala-logassa.
     iya jāṇevi-hu dhīrā vihurevi na kāyarā huṃti.

     • 1919 translation by Puran Chand Nahar

       Knowing that whatever is written by destiny, comes to pass all persons,
       the wise though in a difficulty, never become depressed.

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁄 (kāyaro)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)
Accusative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)
Instrumental	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡 (kāyareṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāyareṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāyarehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāyarehiṃ)
Dative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa)	—
Ablative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāyarāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāyarāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāyarassa)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡 (kāyarāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāyarāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāyarammi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāyaresu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāyaresuṃ)
Vocative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (kāyara) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)
Accusative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)
Instrumental	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀏 (kāyarāe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāyarāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāyarāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāyarāhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀏 (kāyarāe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡 (kāyarāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāyarāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀏 (kāyarāe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼 (kāyarāsu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāyarāsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāyarāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi)
Accusative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀁 (kāyaraṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāyarāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi)
Instrumental	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡 (kāyareṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāyareṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāyarehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāyarehiṃ)
Dative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀅 (kāyarāa)	—
Ablative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀑 (kāyarāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀉 (kāyarāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāyarāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāyarāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāyarassa)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡 (kāyarāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāyarāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāyarammi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂 (kāyare)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāyaresu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāyaresuṃ)
Vocative	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭 (kāyara) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸 (kāyarā)	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāyarāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀸𑀇 (kāyarāi)

Derived terms

• 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭𑀺𑀬 (kāyariya)

Descendants

• Dogri: kāyar

  Devanagari script: कायर

  Dogra script: 𑠊𑠬𑠣𑠤

• Nepali: कायर (kāyar)
• Old Punjabi: ਕਾਇਰੁ (kāiru)
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਇਰ (kāira)

    Shahmukhi script: کائر (‫kā'ir‬)

• Sindhi: kā̃iru

  Arabic script: ڪَانئِرُ

  Devanagari script: कांइरु

  Khudabadi script: 𑊺𑋠𑋟𑊲𑋙𑋣

References

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “कायर”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 237.
• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 154
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kāyara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 154