๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก

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Prakrit

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit เค…เคตเคคเฅ€เคฐเฅเคฃ (avatฤซrแน‡a). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit ๐‘€‘๐‘€ค๐‘€บ๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก (odiแน‡แน‡a), Pali avatiแน‡แน‡a.

Adjective

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๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡a) (Devanagari เค“เค‡เคฃเฅเคฃ, Kannada เฒ“เฒ‡เฒฃเณเฒฃ) (Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ)

  1. descended

Verb

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๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡a) (Devanagari เค“เค‡เคฃเฅเคฃ)

  1. past participle of ๐‘€‘๐‘€…๐‘€ญ๐‘€‡ (oaraรฏ)

Declension

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Maharastri declension of ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘„ (oiแน‡แน‡o) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚ (oiแน‡แน‡e) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡eแน‡a) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡eแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (oiแน‡แน‡ehi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (oiแน‡แน‡ฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤo) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤhi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (oiแน‡แน‡assa) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡ฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (oiแน‡แน‡ammi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚ (oiแน‡แน‡e) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (oiแน‡แน‡esu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡esuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡a) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤo) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤo) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤe) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (oiแน‡แน‡ฤa) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤhi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤo) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤu) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤe) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (oiแน‡แน‡ฤa) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡ฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤe) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (oiแน‡แน‡ฤa) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤsu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚ (oiแน‡แน‡e) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤo) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡eแน‡a) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡eแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (oiแน‡แน‡ehi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (oiแน‡แน‡ฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤo) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤhi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (oiแน‡แน‡assa) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡ฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (oiแน‡แน‡ammi) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚ (oiแน‡แน‡e) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (oiแน‡แน‡esu) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡esuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก (oiแน‡แน‡a) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤ) ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€‘๐‘€‡๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (oiแน‡แน‡ฤi)

References

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  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 261
  • Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ€Ž, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 49.
  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ€“1928) โ€œเค“เค‡เคฃเฅเคฃโ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].