𑀅𑀚

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁e

Proto-Indo-European *déy-s ~ dy-és

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás

Sanskrit अद्य (adya)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀚 (aja)

From Sanskrit अद्य (adyá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hadyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-dy-és. Cognate with Pali ajjā.

Adverb

𑀅𑀚 (aja /ajja/)

1. today, now

Alternative forms

Attested at Dhauli, Girnar, Jaugada and Kalsi.

Dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀚 (“today, now”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀅𑀚 (aja), 𑀅𑀚𑀸 (ajā)	𑀅𑀚 /ajja/ (aja), 𑀅𑀚𑀸 /ajjā/ (ajā)
East	Dhauli	𑀅𑀚 (aja)	𑀅𑀚 /ajja/ (aja)
	Jaugada	𑀅𑀚 (aja)	𑀅𑀚 /ajja/ (aja)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨀𐨗 (aja)	𐨀𐨗 /ajja/ (aja)
	Mansehra	𐨀𐨗 (aja)	𐨀𐨗 /ajja/ (aja)
West	Girnar	𑀅𑀚 (aja)	𑀅𑀚 /ajja/ (aja)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀚 (“today, now”)
𑀅𑀚 (aja) (4) 𐨀𐨗 (aja) (2) 𑀅𑀚𑀸 (ajā) (1)

Descendants

• Khasa Prakrit:
  • Nepali: आज (āj)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀬 (ayya)
  • Old Bengali: আজি (āji)
    • Bengali: আজ (aj)
    • Rohingya: aijja
  • Sylheti: ꠀꠁꠎ (aiz), ꠀꠁꠎꠇꠥ (aizoku)
  • Early Assamese: আজি (aji)
    • Assamese: আজি (azi)
  • Odia: ଆଜି (āji)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)
  • Konkani:

    Devanagari script: आयज (āyaj)

    Kannada script: ಅಯಜ (āyaj)

    Latin script: aiz

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: आजि (āji), आजिं (ājiṃ)

    Modi script: 𑘁𑘕𑘲 (ājī), 𑘁𑘕𑘲𑘽 (ājīṃ)

    • Marathi: आज़ (āj̈)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਜ (ajja)

      Shahmukhi script: اَجّ (ajj)

  • Vracada Apabhramsa:
    • Kachchi: અજ (aja)
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: اَڄُ

      Devanagari script: अॼु (aj̈u)

• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)
  • Gurjara Apabhramsa:
    • Old Gujarati: आज (āja)
      • Gujarati: આજ (āja)
      • Marwari: आज (āj)
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: आज (āj)

      Urdu: آج (āj)

  • Vaghri: અજ્જ (ajj)

References

• Sen, Sukumar (1960) A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan, Linguistic Society of India, page 48.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “adyá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press