𐽺𐽳𐽹

Old Uyghur

Etymology

From Sogdian 𐫗𐫇𐫖 (nom), from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”).

Noun

𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nom)

1. book

   Synonyms: 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽲 (bitig), 𐽼𐽳𐽺 (bun), 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽻𐽶 (čaksé), 𐽽𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽲 (čïzïg), 𐽷𐽶𐽸𐽰𐽼 (kidap), 𐽿𐾅𐽰𐽻𐾀𐽾 (šastr)

   • c. 10th century, Maitrisimit Nom Bitig (Maitreyasamitināṭaka Manuscript in Old Uyghur)‎^[1], 01:r09 (MaitrGeng0009):

     𐽹𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽹𐽶𐾀 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽶𐽺 𐽶𐽹𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐾀𐽸𐽶𐽹𐽴 𐾈

     Maitrisimit nomïn yme bititdimiz.

     The Maitrisimit manuscript, which we also penned.

   • (Can we date this quote?), Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland; Manichaeist Old Uyghur Texts from Turfan (Berliner Turfantexte V)^[2][3]‎^[4], MTT521-522 (MIIINr.29 +Ch/U6618:15-16):

     𐽰𐽶𐽽𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽶 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽹𐽰 𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽵***𐽺 𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽴𐽳𐽺 𐾉

     İčtin nomï erser yme kéŋin alk[***]n ermeki bolzun!

     Inwardly, as [far as] his study [is to be] concerned, may he reach ample vastness!

2. Buddhist scripture
   • Late 10th century, (Xuanzang Biography, Book VIII‎^[5], HTVIII: 2050 (22):

     𐽽𐽶𐽺 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽵 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽰 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽸𐽶 𐾈

     Čïn kértü nomug yene yene uladï.

     [He] merged the truest of true scriptures again [and] again.

3. law, custom

   Synonyms: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽶 (törö), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽰 (töré), 𐽶𐽰𐽻𐽰 (yasa)

   • Late 10th century, (Xuanzang Biography, Book VIII‎^[6], HTVIII: 1635 (26):

     𐽼 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽽𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽽𐽰 𐾈***

     [***]p nomča töröče...

     ...according to law and custom...

Derived terms

• 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽽𐽶 (nomčï, “priest, religious expert; teacher”)
• 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾅 (nomdaš, “person who shares the same religion; comrade”)
• 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (nomlamak, “to preach, to sermon; to explain, to present”)

Alternate forms

• 𐽺𐽳𐽳𐽹 (nwwm)
• ᠨᠤᠮ (num)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “nom”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 137
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “nom”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 494-497