𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 𐽷𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (klmʾk /⁠k(e)lmek⁠/)

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kẹl- (“to come”). Cognate with Chuvash кил (kil), Old Turkic 𐰚𐰠 (kel-), Karakhanid کَلْماكْ (kelmēk), Yakut кэл (kel) and Turkish gelmek.

Verb

𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kʾlmʾk /kelmek/)

1. (intransitive) to come

   𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈

   ʾwyzwkswz kʾltylʾr

   /Üzüksüz keltiler./

   [They] came without respite.

2. (intransitive) to reach a destination

   𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽲𐽰𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 𐽲𐽰 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶 𐾈

   q̈wtlwq tʾβqʾc ʾwlwš qʾ kʾlty

   /Kutlug Tavgač Uluška kelti./

   They reached the Chinese realm, that is favored by heavens.

3. (rare) to receive tax payments

Derived terms

• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽶𐽺 (kelgin, “flood, inundation”)
• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (kelin, “bride, maid”)
• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽸𐽳𐽷 (kelmedök, “future”)
• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kelmek, “departure, leave”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: gel- (kel), gol- (kol), kil- (kʰil)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “kälmäk”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 104
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) käl- ~ k(ä)l-”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 354