𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 𐽷𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (klmʾk /⁠k(e)lmek⁠/)
• 𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀸‌𑀮𑁆‌𑀫𑁆𑀬𑀸‌𑀓𑁆 (kyā‌l‌myā‌k /⁠kēlmēk⁠/), 𑀓𑁆𑀬​‌𑀮𑁆‌𑀫𑁆𑀬𑀸‌𑀓𑁆 (kya​‌l‌myā‌k /⁠kelmēk⁠/)

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kẹl- (“to come”). Cognate with Karakhanid کَلْماكْ (kelmēk).

Verb

𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kʾlmʾk /kelmek/)

1. (intransitive) to come

   𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈

   ʾwyzwkswz kʾltylʾr

   /Üzüksüz keltiler./

   They came without respite.

2. (intransitive) to reach a destination

   𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽲𐽰𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 𐽲𐽰 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶 𐾈

   q̈wtlwq tʾβqʾc ʾwlwš qʾ kʾlty

   /Ḳutluġ Tavġač Ulušḳa kelti./

   They reached the Tavġač realm, that is favored by heavens.

Derived terms

• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽳 (kʾly pʾrw /⁠keli baru⁠/, “voyage, to come and go”)
• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (kʾlyn /⁠kelin⁠/, “bride, maid”)
• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽶𐽺 (kʾlkyn /⁠kelgin⁠/, “flood, inundation”)
• 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽸𐽳𐽷 (kʾlmʾdwk /⁠kelmedök⁠/, “future”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: gel- (kel), gol- (kol), kil- (kʰil)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “kälmäk”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 104
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) käl- ~ k(ä)l-”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 354