𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾

Old Uyghur

Uyghur native spelling

Etymology

Uncertain. Most likely from a Common Turkic term, but no internal etymology have been yet satisfactorily made.

Unrelated to Old Uyghur 𐽳𐽸𐽹𐽰𐽷 (udmak), Proto-Turkic *ud- (“to follow, to conform”).

Cognates include Old Turkic 𐰆𐰖𐰍𐰺 (uy¹ǧr¹), Middle Chinese 回鶻 (ɦuʌiɦˠuɛt̚) and Chinese 回族 (Huízú, “Hui people”).

Proper noun

𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 or 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 (Uygur /wyqwr/ or /ʾwyqwr/)

1. Uyghur
   • 10th century, Maitrisimit Nom Bitig‎^[1], 01:r23(MaitrGeng0023) - 01:r27(MaitrGeng0027):

     𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽹𐽴 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽳𐽺
     𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶 𐾈 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐾀 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐾈 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽴
     𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽻𐽶 𐾈 𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺
     𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽲𐾄𐽰
     𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲𐾄𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽴 𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈

     […] Uygur Terkenimiz ḳutïŋa alḳatmïš on
     Uygur Éli, otuz tégit oglanï, toḳuz
     élči bilgesi, mïŋ tapïnur tümen
     ičrekileri birle mïŋ tümen yïlḳa
     tegi él ašayu yarlïkamaklarï bolzunlar!

     […] to our Uyghur Terken. May he,
     together with his thirty prince sons, nine
     ministers, a thousand servants and ten thousand
     members [of his court], enjoy the vaunted Ten-Uyghur State
     as an empire for a million years!

   • undated, An Uyghur hymn (TT13.39)‎^[2], BT13.39.v18 (23-25) - BT13.39.v19 (25)‎^[3]:

     𐽾𐽶𐽹𐽶𐽻 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽻 𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽹𐽴 𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽾
     𐾀𐽶𐽼 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽶𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽹 𐽰𐽰

     […] [sem]rimiš yagïšlïg Uygur Élimiz a alnïr,
     tep bitiyü tegintim a!

     O! our Uyghur Khaganate, to whom sacrifices are made; acclaiming "Alnïr!", I have devotedly written [this].

Derived terms

• 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽰 (Uygurča, “Old Uyghur language”)
• 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶 (Uygur Éli, “Uyghur Khaganate”)
• 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽶 (Uygur Tili, “Old Uyghur language”)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “Uyġur (≈ Uiġur)”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 269
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “uygur”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 810