𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿
Old Uyghur
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Derived from 𐽲𐽰 (qa, “family”) + -𐽸𐽰𐽿 (-daš, “mutuality suffix”), the first element of which is from Middle Chinese 家 (kˠa, “family”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰵𐰒𐱂 (qadaš).
Unrelated to Turkish kardeş, Kyrgyz карындаш (karındaş), and the like seen in modern languages, which have *kạrïn (“belly”) (𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (karïn)) as the first element instead.
Noun
[edit]𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qadaš or ḫadaš)
- relative
- Synonyms: 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (bagïr), 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽻𐾅𐽳𐽷 (böšük), 𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶 (čeči), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷 (körtük), 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽰𐽿 (kudaš), 𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺 (térin), 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽹𐽶𐽿 (tugmïš), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾 (tüŋür), 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽲 (urug)
- c. 11th century, Story of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Papamkara, XXXV.5:
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽻𐾅 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽵 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐾁𐽼 […] 𐽷𐽹𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽼 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐾀𐽶
- ʾwytrw qʾdʾs̤ ʾʾyyx ʾwykly tykynyk ʾwytlp […] kmy twtwzwp yʾntrw ʾydty
- /Ötrü qadaš ayïg ögli teginig ötlep […] kémi tutuzup yantru ïdtï./
- Later, his relative gave advice to the ill-willed prince […] leaving the ship to him and sending it back.
- friend, fellow
Declension
[edit]| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qʾdʾš) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qʾdʾšlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾdʾšnynk) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾdʾšlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽷𐽰 (qʾdʾškʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (qʾdʾšlʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (qʾdʾšyq) 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (qʾdʾšny) |
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qʾdʾšlʾryq) 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qʾdʾšlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (qʾdʾštʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qʾdʾšlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾštyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾšlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾšyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾšlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (qʾdʾšcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qʾdʾškʾrw) | |
| similative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qʾdʾšlʾyw) |
References
[edit]- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳadaş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 160
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kadaş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 607
- Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kadaš ~ k(a)daš ~ kad(a)š”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 317