𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿

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Old Uyghur

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Etymology

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Derived from 𐽲𐽰 (qa, family) +‎ -𐽸𐽰𐽿 (-daš, mutuality suffix), the first element of which is from Middle Chinese (kˠa, family). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰵𐰒𐱂 (qadaš).

Unrelated to Turkish kardeş, Kyrgyz карындаш (karındaş), and the like seen in modern languages, which have *kạrïn (belly) (𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (karïn)) as the first element instead.

Noun

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𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 or 𐽵𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qadaš or hadaš)

  1. relative
    Synonyms: 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (bagïr), 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽻𐾅𐽳𐽷 (böšük), 𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶 (čeči), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷 (körtük), 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽰𐽿 (kudaš), 𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺 (térin), 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽹𐽶𐽿 (tugmïš), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾 (tüŋür), 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽲 (urug)
    • c. 11th century, Story of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Papamkara, XXXV.5:
      𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽻𐾅 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽵 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐾁𐽼 [] 𐽷𐽹𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽼 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐾀𐽶
      Ötrü qadaš ayïg ögli teginig ötlep [] kémi tutuzup yantru ïdtï.
      Later, his relative gave advice to the ill-willed prince [] leaving the ship to him and sending it back.
  2. friend, fellow

References

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  • Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳadaş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 160
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kadaş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 607
  • Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kadaš ~ k(a)daš ~ kad(a)š”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 317