𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤

Old Turkic

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 將軍 (MC tsjang|tsjangH kjun, “general”). Compare also Japanese 将軍 (shōgun), Korean 장군 (janggun), Manchu ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ (janggin) and Khitan 𘰷𘯀𘱚𘱕 (*s iaŋ g ün), Chinese borrowings.

Noun

𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤 (seŋün)

1. (military) general.
   • 8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscriptions, IS2

     𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲𐰍𐰺𐰆:𐰸𐰆𐰣𐰃:𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤𐰏:𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰾:𐰴𐰃𐱃𐰪𐰍𐰺𐰆:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰺𐰀:𐰾𐰢𐰏:𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰾

     tabɣačɣaru:qunï:seŋünüg:ïdmïš:qïtańɣaru:toŋra:esimig:ïdmïš

     (He) is said to have sent General Qu to the Chinese and Tongra Esim to the Khitan Empire

Alternative forms

• 𐰽𐰭𐰆𐰣 (saŋun) (Irk Bitig)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1968) “säŋün”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 368
• Tekin, Talât (1993) “s(a)ŋun”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 62
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “saŋun/seŋün”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 840