𐏃𐎨𐎠

Old Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *háčaH.

Preposition

𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /hacā/)

1. from, since
   • 5th century BCE, Behistun Inscription, column 1, line 7:

     𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎻[𐎡𐎹𐎫 𐏐] 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎶/𐏃𐎹
     vayam : Haxāmanišiyā : ϑahyāmahy : hacā : paruviyata : āmātā : amahy

     We are called Achaemenids (because) we are distinguished from old

Descendants

• Middle Persian: (/⁠(early) hač, (late) az⁠/, “of, from, with”)

  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫝 (ʾc), 𐫀𐫉 (ʾz)

  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (MN), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hc)

  Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭭 (mn)

  Psalter Pahlavi script: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (MN)

  Pazend script: 𐬆𐬗 (əc)

  • Bakhtiari: از (äz), [script needed] (zi), زه (ze)
  • Northern Luri:

    Nahavandi: از (äz)

    Balagarive: داْ (de)

  • Southern Luri: از (äz), ا (ä)
  • Classical Persian: از (az)

    Dari: از (az)

    Iranian Persian: از (äz)

    Tajik: аз (az)

    Judeo-Tat: əz

    Tat: ا (ä), از (äz)

  • → Gilaki: از (äz)
  • → Proto-Komisenian:
    • Sorkhei: از (äz)
    • Lasgerdi: از (az)
    • Sangisari: از (äz)
  • → Middle Median:
    • Kermanic: (“of, from, with”)

      Farizandi, Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Qohrudi, Zefrehi: äz

      Khunsari: ez

    • → Sivandi: äz, ä
  • → Parachi: az

References

Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2016) An Introduction to Old Persian‎^[1]