𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠

Old Persian

FWOTD – 6 January 2017

Etymology

Literally "protector of the realm, province", an agent noun based on 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/, “realm, province”) and 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (p-a-di-y /⁠√pā⁠/, “to protect”).

Akin to Parthian 𐭔𐭄𐭓𐭁 (šhrb), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭐 (ḥštrp), Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭯 (štrp). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Elamite 𒃻𒀝𒃻𒁀𒈠 (šá-ak-šá-ba-ma), Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀔𑀢𑀧 (khatapa), Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀧 (kṣatrapa), Sanskrit क्षत्रप (kṣatrapa), Gandhari 𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨤 (kṣatrapa) and 𐨖𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨤 (chatrapa), Lycian 𐊜𐊖𐊖𐊀𐊅𐊕𐊀𐊓𐊀 (χssadrapa) and 𐊜𐊖𐊖𐊀𐊉𐊕𐊀𐊓𐊀 (χssaθrapa), Ancient Greek σατράπης (satrápēs), Old Armenian շահապ (šahap).

Noun

𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 (x-š-ç-p-a-v-a /xšaçapāvā/) m

satrap (governor of a province under Achaemenid Persian rule)

Descendants

Middle Persian: [script needed] (šsp /⁠šasab⁠/)

References

Schmitt, Rüdiger (2014) “xšaçapāvān-”, in Wörterbuch Der Altpersischen Königsinschriften [Dictionary of Old Persian Royal Inscriptions] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 284–285
Schmitt, Rüdiger (2002) “Greece xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, retrieved 2016-12-17
Mackenzie, D. N. (1998) “ENGLISH i. Persian Elements in English”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, retrieved 2016-12-17
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šasab”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 79