𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁

Old Persian

Alternative forms

• 𐏃𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (h-u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š) (dialect variant)

Etymology

Literally "dark-soiled land", from *(h)uvāra- (“dark”) + *zmī- (“land”). Derived from an earlier form 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y /⁠ʰUvārazmī-⁠/), itself cognate with the East Iranian form *Xvārazmī- (C.f.Avestan 𐬓𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬰𐬆𐬨 (xᵛāⁱrizəm, “Chorasmia”)). More at Khwarazm.

Proper noun

𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š /ʰUvārazmiš/)

1. Chorasmia

Derived terms

• 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y /⁠ʰUvārazmiya-⁠/, “Chorasmian”)

Descendants

(taking Old Persian as representative for all Old Iranian):

• Middle Persian: (/⁠Xwārazm⁠/)

  Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭥𐭥𐭦𐭬 (ḥwrzm)

  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwʾlcm)

  Pazend script: 𐬓𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬨 (xᵛārazm)

  • Classical Persian: خوارزم (Xwārazm)

    Dari: خوارزم (Xārazm)

    Tajik: Хоразм (Xorazm)

    Iranian Persian: خوارزم (Xārazm)

    • → Arabic: خَوَارِزْم (ḵawārizm)
    • → Armenian: Խորեզմ (Xorezm)
    • → Azerbaijani: Xarəzm
    • → English: Khwarazm
    • → Kazakh: Хорезм (Xorezm)
    • → Russian: Хоре́зм (Xorézm)
    • → Turkish: Harezm
    • → Turkmen: Horezm
    • → Uzbek: Xorazm

• → Ancient Greek: Χορασμία (Khorasmía)
  • → Latin: Chorasmia
    • French: Chorasmie
    • Italian: Corasmia
    • → English: Chorasmia
• → Egyptian:

  Late Egyptian: (ḫꜣrwsꜣmj), (ḫꜣrwsꜣm)

• → Elamite:

  Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒊏𒆜𒈪𒆜 (ma-ra-iš-mi-iš /⁠Maraišmiš⁠/), 𒈠𒊏𒄑𒈠 (ma-ra-iz-ma /⁠Maraizma⁠/)

• → Parthian: (/⁠Xwārazm⁠/)

  Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭆𐭌 (ḥwrzm)

  • → Old Armenian: Խվարեզմ (Xvarezm)