𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *neþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *nét-e-, related to Proto-Tocharian *nete (“might, strength”). Perhaps related to *niþjaz (“relative”). Compare German Gnade, Dutch genade.

Verb

𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 • (niþan)

1. to help, assist

Conjugation

Class 5 strong
Infinitive	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 niþan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰 niþa	𐌽𐌰𐌸 naþ	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 niþada
2nd singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐍃 niþis	𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍄 nast	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌶𐌰 niþaza
3rd singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 niþiþ	𐌽𐌰𐌸 naþ	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰 niþada
1st dual	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍉𐍃 niþōs	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿 nēþu	—
2nd dual	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 niþats	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐍄𐍃 nēþuts	—
1st plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌼 niþam	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌼 nēþum	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 niþanda
2nd plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 niþiþ	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌸 nēþuþ	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 niþanda
3rd plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳 niþand	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌽 nēþun	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 niþanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿 niþau	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿 nēþjau	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaidau
2nd singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃 niþais	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 nēþeis	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 niþaizau
3rd singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹 niþai	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌹 nēþi	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaidau
1st dual	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 niþaiwa	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 nēþeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 niþaits	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 nēþeits	—
1st plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 niþaima	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 nēþeima	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaindau
2nd plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸 niþaiþ	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 nēþeiþ	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaindau
3rd plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 niþaina	𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 nēþeina	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸 niþ
3rd singular	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþadau
2nd dual	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃 niþats
2nd plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 niþiþ
3rd plural	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 niþandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 niþands	𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 niþans

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “neþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388