𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gaumijaną.

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gaumjan) (perfective)

1. (transitive, +dative) to notice, heed
   • John 6:5:

     𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐍉𐍆 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌵𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌷 𐌳𐌿 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍀𐍀𐌰𐌿: 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉 𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌹?

     þaruh ushōf augōna iēsus jah gaumida þammei manageins filu iddja du imma, qaþuh du filippau: ƕaþrō bugjam hlaibans, ei matjaina þai?

     When Jesus then lifted up his eyes, and saw a great company come unto him, he saith unto Philip, Whence shall we buy bread, that these may eat? (KJV)

2. (passive voice) to appear, seem
   • Matthew 6:5:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌽𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌼𐌸𐌹𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 𐍀𐌻𐌰𐍀𐌾𐍉 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽, 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼. 𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌽 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌼𐌹𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰.

     jah þan bidjaiþ, ni sijaiþ swaswē þai liutans, untē frijōnd in gaqumþim jah waihstam plapjō standandans bidjan, ei gaumjaindau mannam. amēn qiþa izwis þatei haband mizdōn seina.

     And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites are: for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward. (KJV)

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 gaumjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰 gaumja	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaumida	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaumjada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaumeis	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gaumidēs	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gaumjaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaumeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaumida	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaumjada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐍉𐍃 gaumjōs	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gaumidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaumjats	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gaumidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌼 gaumjam	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gaumidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaumjanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaumeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gaumidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaumjanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gaumjand	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gaumidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaumjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaumjau	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaumidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaumjaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaumjais	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaumidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gaumjaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹 gaumjai	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gaumidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaumjaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaumjaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaumidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaumjaits	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaumidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaumjaima	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaumidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaumjaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaumjaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaumidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaumjaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaumjaina	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaumidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaumjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌹 gaumei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaumjadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaumjats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaumeiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaumjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gaumjands	𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃 gaumiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 48