𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *baidijaną. Cognate with Old English bǣdan (“to compel”) and Old Norse beiða (“to compel”).

Verb

𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (baidjan)

1. to force, compel
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Galatians 2:3:

     𐌰𐌺𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹𐌷 𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌿𐍃, 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌼𐌹𐍃, 𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌺𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌱𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽.

     akei nih teitus, sa miþ mis, krēks wisands, baidiþs was bimaitan.

     But neither Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised.

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Galatians 2:14b:

     𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌸𐌿 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌿𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉, 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐍃 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽?

     jabai þu iudaius wisands þiudiskō libais jah ni iudaiwiskō, ƕaiwa þiudōs baideis iudaiwiskōn?

     If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 baidjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰 baidja	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 baidida	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 baidjada
2nd singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 baideis	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 baididēs	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 baidjaza
3rd singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 baideiþ	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 baidida	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 baidjada
1st dual	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 baidjōs	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 baididēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 baidjats	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 baididēduts	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 baidjam	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 baididēdum	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 baidjanda
2nd plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 baideiþ	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 baididēduþ	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 baidjanda
3rd plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 baidjand	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 baididēdun	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 baidjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 baidjau	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 baididēdjau	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 baidjaidau
2nd singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 baidjais	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 baididēdeis	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 baidjaizau
3rd singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 baidjai	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 baididēdi	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 baidjaidau
1st dual	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 baidjaiwa	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 baididēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 baidjaits	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 baididēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 baidjaima	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 baididēdeima	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 baidjaindau
2nd plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 baidjaiþ	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 baididēdeiþ	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 baidjaindau
3rd plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 baidjaina	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 baididēdeina	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 baidjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹 baidei
3rd singular	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 baidjadau
2nd dual	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 baidjats
2nd plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 baideiþ
3rd plural	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 baidjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 baidjands	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 baidiþs

Derived terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gabaidjan)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 15