𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔

Umbrian

Etymology

The root is shared with Latin perendiē (“on the day after tomorrow”), and can also be found in Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (fairneis, “old”) and Lithuanian pernai (“last year”), and ultimately comes from Proto-Indo-European *per-. The suffix *-aijos is caracteristic of Osco-Umbrian languages. Only attested in the feminine plural.

Adjective

𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔 • (pernaies)

1. in front, foremost
   • early 2^nd century BCE, Iguvine Tablets, table I, side A (photo; facsimile), lines 1–2:

     ¹ 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄⁚​𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌌⁚​𐌀𐌅𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌀𐌍𐌆𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚​ ² 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔⁚​𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌄𐌔⁚​ [...]

     este persklum aves anzeriates enetu / pernaies pusnaes

     Commence this ceremony after having seen the birds; those in front, those behind.

Declension

• (accusative feminine plural) e.Ig. 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌀𐌚 (pernaiaf)
• (ablative feminine plural) e.Ig. 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔 (pernaies)

Related terms

• 𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌄𐌔 (pusnaes)

References

• Buck, Carl Darling (1904) “pernaiaf”, in A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page 341
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “perendiē”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 460
• Ancillotti, Augusto, Cerri, Romolo (2015) “pernaiaf”, in Vocabolario dell'umbro delle tavole di Gubbio [Vocabulary of Umbrian and of the Iguvine Tables] (in Italian), page 36