하얗다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 하〮야ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: háyàhòtá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈha̠(ː)ja̠tʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [하(ː)야타]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	hayata
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	hayahda
McCune–Reischauer?	hayat'a
Yale Romanization?	hā.yahta

Adjective

하얗다 • (hayata) (irregular, infinitive 하얘, sequential 하야니)

1. white, pure white, pale

   Antonym: 까맣다 (kkamata, “black”)

   그녀는 살이 참 하얗다. ― Geunyeo-neun sar-i cham hayata. ― She is very fair-skinned.

   대지는 서리가 내려 하얗다. ― Daeji-neun seori-ga naeryeo hayata. ― The ground is white with frost.

2. in swarms, in crowds, in flocks

   하얗게 몰려들다 ― hayake mollyeodeulda ― gathering in a crowd

3. (staying up) all night

   우리는 하얗게 밤을 지새우고 함께 해가 뜨는 것을 지켜보았다.

   Uri-neun hayake bam-eul jisae'ugo hamkke hae-ga tteuneun geos-eul jikyeoboatda.

   We stayed up all night and watched the sun rise together.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 하얗다 (hayata): consonant-stem, ㅎ(h)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	하얗다 hayata	하얘 hayae	하얘요 hayaeyo	하얗습니다 hayaseumnida
	Past	하얬다 hayaetda	하얬어 hayaesseo	하얬어요 hayaesseoyo	하얬습니다 hayaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	하야냐 hayanya	하얘 hayae	하얘요 hayaeyo	하얗습니까 hayaseumnikka
	Past	하얬냐 hayaennya	하얬어 hayaesseo	하얬어요 hayaesseoyo	하얬습니까 hayaetseumnikka
Assertive		하얗겠다 hayaketda	하얗겠어 hayakesseo	하얗겠어요 hayakesseoyo	하얗겠습니다 hayaketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		하얘 hayae	하얘서 hayaeseo	하야니 hayani	하야니까 hayanikka
Contrast		하얗지만 hayachiman	하얀데 hayande	하얗더니 hayateoni
Conjunction		하얗고 hayako
Condition		하야면 hayamyeon	하얘야 hayaeya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		하얌 hayam	하얗기 hayaki
Past-tense verbal nouns		하얬음 hayaesseum	하얬기 hayaetgi
Determiners	Present		하얀 hayan
	Future		하얄 hayal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	하야시다 hayasida	하야셔 hayasyeo	하야세요, 하야셔요 hayaseyo, hayasyeoyo	하야십니다 hayasimnida
	Past	하야셨다 hayasyeotda	하야셨어 hayasyeosseo	하야셨어요 hayasyeosseoyo	하야셨습니다 hayasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	하야시냐 hayasinya	하야셔 hayasyeo	하야세요, 하야셔요 hayaseyo, hayasyeoyo	하야십니까 hayasimnikka
	Past	하야셨냐 hayasyeonnya	하야셨어 hayasyeosseo	하야셨어요 hayasyeosseoyo	하야셨습니까 hayasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		하야시겠다 hayasigetda	하야시겠어 hayasigesseo	하야시겠어요 hayasigesseoyo	하야시겠습니다 hayasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		하야셔 hayasyeo	하야셔서 hayasyeoseo	하야시니 hayasini	하야시니까 hayasinikka
Contrast		하야시지만 hayasijiman	하야신데 hayasinde	하야시더니 hayasideoni
Conjunction		하야시고 hayasigo
Condition		하야시면 hayasimyeon	하야셔야 hayasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		하야심 hayasim	하야시기 hayasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		하야셨음 hayasyeosseum	하야셨기 hayasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		하야신 hayasin
	Future		하야실 hayasil

Synonyms

• 희다 (huida, “white”)
• 허옇다 (heoyeota, “white, pale”) (heavy variant)