침울하다

Korean

Etymology

침울(沈鬱) (chimul) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰimuɾɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [치물하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	chimulhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	chim'ulhada
McCune–Reischauer?	ch'imurhada
Yale Romanization?	chim.wul.hata

Adjective

침울하다 • (chimulhada) (infinitive 침울해 or 침울하여, sequential 침울하니, hanja 沈鬱하다)

1. (of mood, of emotions, etc.) to be down, to be dismal, to be depressed

   Synonym: 암울(暗鬱)하다 (amulhada)

2. (of the weather) to be gloomy, to be dreary

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 침울하다 (chimulhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	침울하다 chimulhada	침울해 chimulhae	침울해요 chimulhaeyo	침울합니다 chimulhamnida
	Past	침울했다 chimulhaetda	침울했어 chimulhaesseo	침울했어요 chimulhaesseoyo	침울했습니다 chimulhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	침울하냐 chimulhanya	침울해 chimulhae	침울해요 chimulhaeyo	침울합니까 chimulhamnikka
	Past	침울했냐 chimulhaennya	침울했어 chimulhaesseo	침울했어요 chimulhaesseoyo	침울했습니까 chimulhaetseumnikka
Assertive		침울하겠다 chimulhagetda	침울하겠어 chimulhagesseo	침울하겠어요 chimulhagesseoyo	침울하겠습니다 chimulhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		침울해 chimulhae	침울해서, 침울하여서 chimulhaeseo, chimulhayeoseo	침울하니 chimulhani	침울하니까 chimulhanikka
Contrast		침울하지만 chimulhajiman	침울한데 chimulhande	침울하더니 chimulhadeoni
Conjunction		침울하고 chimulhago
Condition		침울하면 chimulhamyeon	침울해야, 침울하여야 chimulhaeya, chimulhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		침울함 chimulham	침울하기 chimulhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		침울했음, 침울하였음 chimulhaesseum, chimulhayeosseum	침울했기, 침울하였기 chimulhaetgi, chimulhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		침울한 chimulhan
	Future		침울할 chimulhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	침울하시다 chimulhasida	침울하셔 chimulhasyeo	침울하세요, 침울하셔요 chimulhaseyo, chimulhasyeoyo	침울하십니다 chimulhasimnida
	Past	침울하셨다 chimulhasyeotda	침울하셨어 chimulhasyeosseo	침울하셨어요 chimulhasyeosseoyo	침울하셨습니다 chimulhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	침울하시냐 chimulhasinya	침울하셔 chimulhasyeo	침울하세요, 침울하셔요 chimulhaseyo, chimulhasyeoyo	침울하십니까 chimulhasimnikka
	Past	침울하셨냐 chimulhasyeonnya	침울하셨어 chimulhasyeosseo	침울하셨어요 chimulhasyeosseoyo	침울하셨습니까 chimulhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		침울하시겠다 chimulhasigetda	침울하시겠어 chimulhasigesseo	침울하시겠어요 chimulhasigesseoyo	침울하시겠습니다 chimulhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		침울하셔 chimulhasyeo	침울하셔서 chimulhasyeoseo	침울하시니 chimulhasini	침울하시니까 chimulhasinikka
Contrast		침울하시지만 chimulhasijiman	침울하신데 chimulhasinde	침울하시더니 chimulhasideoni
Conjunction		침울하시고 chimulhasigo
Condition		침울하시면 chimulhasimyeon	침울하셔야 chimulhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		침울하심 chimulhasim	침울하시기 chimulhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		침울하셨음 chimulhasyeosseum	침울하셨기 chimulhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		침울하신 chimulhasin
	Future		침울하실 chimulhasil