즐겁다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 즐〮겁다〮 (Yale: cúlkèptá).

Probably from an older root 즑— (culk-, “happy”) and suffix —ㅸ— (-W-, adjectival suffix).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɯɭɡʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [즐겁따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jeulgeopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jeulgeobda
McCune–Reischauer?	chŭlgŏpta
Yale Romanization?	cul.kepta

Adjective

즐겁다 • (jeulgeopda) (irregular, infinitive 즐거워, sequential 즐거우니)

1. to be pleasant, to be enjoyable

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 즐겁다 (jeulgeopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	즐겁다 jeulgeopda	즐거워 jeulgeowo	즐거워요 jeulgeowoyo	즐겁습니다 jeulgeopseumnida
	Past	즐거웠다 jeulgeowotda	즐거웠어 jeulgeowosseo	즐거웠어요 jeulgeowosseoyo	즐거웠습니다 jeulgeowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	즐거우냐 jeulgeounya	즐거워 jeulgeowo	즐거워요 jeulgeowoyo	즐겁습니까 jeulgeopseumnikka
	Past	즐거웠냐 jeulgeowonnya	즐거웠어 jeulgeowosseo	즐거웠어요 jeulgeowosseoyo	즐거웠습니까 jeulgeowotseumnikka
Assertive		즐겁겠다 jeulgeopgetda	즐겁겠어 jeulgeopgesseo	즐겁겠어요 jeulgeopgesseoyo	즐겁겠습니다 jeulgeopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		즐거워 jeulgeowo	즐거워서 jeulgeowoseo	즐거우니 jeulgeouni	즐거우니까 jeulgeounikka
Contrast		즐겁지만 jeulgeopjiman	즐거운데 jeulgeounde	즐겁더니 jeulgeopdeoni
Conjunction		즐겁고 jeulgeopgo
Condition		즐거우면 jeulgeoumyeon	즐거워야 jeulgeowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		즐거움 jeulgeoum	즐겁기 jeulgeopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		즐거웠음 jeulgeowosseum	즐거웠기 jeulgeowotgi
Determiners	Present		즐거운 jeulgeoun
	Future		즐거울 jeulgeoul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	즐거우시다 jeulgeousida	즐거우셔 jeulgeousyeo	즐거우세요, 즐거우셔요 jeulgeouseyo, jeulgeousyeoyo	즐거우십니다 jeulgeousimnida
	Past	즐거우셨다 jeulgeousyeotda	즐거우셨어 jeulgeousyeosseo	즐거우셨어요 jeulgeousyeosseoyo	즐거우셨습니다 jeulgeousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	즐거우시냐 jeulgeousinya	즐거우셔 jeulgeousyeo	즐거우세요, 즐거우셔요 jeulgeouseyo, jeulgeousyeoyo	즐거우십니까 jeulgeousimnikka
	Past	즐거우셨냐 jeulgeousyeonnya	즐거우셨어 jeulgeousyeosseo	즐거우셨어요 jeulgeousyeosseoyo	즐거우셨습니까 jeulgeousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		즐거우시겠다 jeulgeousigetda	즐거우시겠어 jeulgeousigesseo	즐거우시겠어요 jeulgeousigesseoyo	즐거우시겠습니다 jeulgeousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		즐거우셔 jeulgeousyeo	즐거우셔서 jeulgeousyeoseo	즐거우시니 jeulgeousini	즐거우시니까 jeulgeousinikka
Contrast		즐거우시지만 jeulgeousijiman	즐거우신데 jeulgeousinde	즐거우시더니 jeulgeousideoni
Conjunction		즐거우시고 jeulgeousigo
Condition		즐거우시면 jeulgeousimyeon	즐거우셔야 jeulgeousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		즐거우심 jeulgeousim	즐거우시기 jeulgeousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		즐거우셨음 jeulgeousyeosseum	즐거우셨기 jeulgeousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		즐거우신 jeulgeousin
	Future		즐거우실 jeulgeousil

Middle Korean

Alternative forms

• 즐거ᇦ다 (Yale: culkeWta) (phonemic orthography)

Adjective

즐〮겁다〮 (cúlkèptá)

1. to be pleasant, to be enjoyable
   • 1447, 釋譜詳節 / 석보상절 [Seokbo sangjeol]:

     이〮 사〯ᄅᆞ미〮 一(일)切(쳬) 즐〮거ᄫᅳᆫ〮 거스〮로〮 […]

     í sǎlòm-í IL.CHYEY cúlkèWún kès-úlwó

     The person [gives alms] to […] as something "wholly" pleasing

Conjugation

Accentual class HH lenited-consonant stem

Declarative	Connective	Infinitive	Conditional
즐〮겁다〮 (cúlkèptá)	즐〮겁고〮 (cúlkèpkwó)	즐〮거ᄫᅥ〮 (cúlkèWé)	즐〮거〮ᄫᅳ면〮 (cúlkéWùmyén)

Descendants

• Korean: 즐겁다 (jeulgeopda)