어렵다
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 어렵〮다〮 (Yale: èlyép-tá).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹ɾjʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
Audio: (file)
- Phonetic hangul: [어렵따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | eoryeopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eolyeobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ŏryŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | elyepta |
Adjective
[edit]어렵다 • (eoryeopda) (irregular, infinitive 어려워, sequential 어려우니)
- to be difficult, to be hard
- to be difficult, to be awkward, to be particular (e.g. a person's taste in food)
- to be poor, to be suffering from poverty
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 어렵다 eoryeopda |
어려워 eoryeowo |
어려워요 eoryeowoyo |
어렵습니다 eoryeopseumnida |
| Past | 어려웠다 eoryeowotda |
어려웠어 eoryeowosseo |
어려웠어요 eoryeowosseoyo |
어려웠습니다 eoryeowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 어려우냐 eoryeounya |
어려워 eoryeowo |
어려워요 eoryeowoyo |
어렵습니까 eoryeopseumnikka |
| Past | 어려웠냐 eoryeowonnya |
어려웠어 eoryeowosseo |
어려웠어요 eoryeowosseoyo |
어려웠습니까 eoryeowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 어렵겠다 eoryeopgetda |
어렵겠어 eoryeopgesseo |
어렵겠어요 eoryeopgesseoyo |
어렵겠습니다 eoryeopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 어려워 eoryeowo |
어려워서 eoryeowoseo |
어려우니 eoryeouni |
어려우니까 eoryeounikka | |
| Contrast | 어렵지만 eoryeopjiman |
어려운데 eoryeounde |
어렵더니 eoryeopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 어렵고 eoryeopgo |
||||
| Condition | 어려우면 eoryeoumyeon |
어려워야 eoryeowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 어려움 eoryeoum |
어렵기 eoryeopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 어려웠음 eoryeowosseum |
어려웠기 eoryeowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 어려운 eoryeoun | |||
| Future | 어려울 eoryeoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 어려우시다 eoryeousida |
어려우셔 eoryeousyeo |
어려우세요, 어려우셔요 eoryeouseyo, eoryeousyeoyo |
어려우십니다 eoryeousimnida |
| Past | 어려우셨다 eoryeousyeotda |
어려우셨어 eoryeousyeosseo |
어려우셨어요 eoryeousyeosseoyo |
어려우셨습니다 eoryeousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 어려우시냐 eoryeousinya |
어려우셔 eoryeousyeo |
어려우세요, 어려우셔요 eoryeouseyo, eoryeousyeoyo |
어려우십니까 eoryeousimnikka |
| Past | 어려우셨냐 eoryeousyeonnya |
어려우셨어 eoryeousyeosseo |
어려우셨어요 eoryeousyeosseoyo |
어려우셨습니까 eoryeousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 어려우시겠다 eoryeousigetda |
어려우시겠어 eoryeousigesseo |
어려우시겠어요 eoryeousigesseoyo |
어려우시겠습니다 eoryeousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 어려우셔 eoryeousyeo |
어려우셔서 eoryeousyeoseo |
어려우시니 eoryeousini |
어려우시니까 eoryeousinikka | |
| Contrast | 어려우시지만 eoryeousijiman |
어려우신데 eoryeousinde |
어려우시더니 eoryeousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 어려우시고 eoryeousigo |
||||
| Condition | 어려우시면 eoryeousimyeon |
어려우셔야 eoryeousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 어려우심 eoryeousim |
어려우시기 eoryeousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 어려우셨음 eoryeousyeosseum |
어려우셨기 eoryeousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 어려우신 eoryeousin | |||
| Future | 어려우실 eoryeousil | ||||