빼다

Korean

Alternative forms

• ᄲᅡ히다 (ppahida), ᄲᅢ히다 (ppaehida), ᄲᅢ이다 (ppaeida) (Early Modern obsolete forms)
• ᄲᅢ다 (ppaeda), ᄲᆡ다 (ppaeda) (Early Modern and early twentieth-century obsolete spellings)

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄲᅡᅘᅧ다 (Yale: spa.hhyeta). Also attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄲᅢᅘᅧ다 (Yale: spay.hhyeta). From ᄲᅡ (spa-, *) + ᅘᅧ다 (hhyeta, “to drag, to pull”).

ᅘᅧ (Yale: hhye) simplified to 히 (Yale: hi) in the mid-late fifteenth century, producing the late Middle Korean and Early Modern Korean forms ᄲᅡ히다 (ppahida) and ᄲᅢ히다 (ppaehida). Medial /h/ was lost in at least some dialects by the seventeenth century, resulting in the Early Modern forms ᄲᅡ이다 (ppaida), ᄲᅢ이다 (ppaeida), and ᄲᅢ다 (ppaeda), which became monophthongized to the modern form ᄲᅢ다 (ppaeda) / 빼다 (ppaeda) by the nineteenth century in Seoul speech.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈp͈ɛ(ː)da̠] ~ [ˈp͈e̞(ː)da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [빼(ː)다/뻬(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ppaeda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ppaeda
McCune–Reischauer?	ppaeda
Yale Romanization?	ppāyta

Verb

빼다 • (ppaeda) (infinitive 빼 or 빼어, sequential 빼니)

1. to pull, to remove, to take out
2. (arithmetic, mathematics) to subtract
3. to lose weight
4. to resemble

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 빼다 (ppaeda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	뺀다 ppaenda	빼 ppae	빼요, 빼어요 ppaeyo, ppaeeoyo	뺍니다 ppaemnida
	Past	뺐다 ppaetda	뺐어 ppaesseo	뺐어요 ppaesseoyo	뺐습니다 ppaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	빼느냐 ppaeneunya	빼 ppae	빼요, 빼어요 ppaeyo, ppaeeoyo	뺍니까 ppaemnikka
	Past	뺐느냐 ppaenneunya	뺐어 ppaesseo	뺐어요 ppaesseoyo	뺐습니까 ppaetseumnikka
Hortative		빼자 ppaeja	빼 ppae	빼요, 빼어요 ppaeyo, ppaeeoyo	빼십시다 ppaesipsida
Imperative		빼라, 빼어라 ppaera, ppaeeora	빼 ppae	빼요, 빼어요 ppaeyo, ppaeeoyo	뺍시오 ppaepsio
Assertive		빼겠다 ppaegetda	빼겠어 ppaegesseo	빼겠어요 ppaegesseoyo	빼겠습니다 ppaegetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		빼 ppae	빼서, 빼어서 ppaeseo, ppaeeoseo	빼니 ppaeni	빼니까 ppaenikka
Contrast		빼지만 ppaejiman	빼는데 ppaeneunde	빼더니 ppaedeoni
Conjunction		빼고 ppaego
Condition		빼면 ppaemyeon	빼야, 빼어야 ppaeya, ppaeeoya
Motive		빼려고 ppaeryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		뺌 ppaem	빼기 ppaegi
Past-tense verbal nouns		뺐음, 빼었음 ppaesseum, ppaeeosseum	뺐기, 빼었기 ppaetgi, ppaeeotgi
Determiners	Past	뺀 ppaen
	Present	빼는 ppaeneun
	Future	뺄 ppael

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	빼신다 ppaesinda	빼셔 ppaesyeo	빼세요, 빼셔요 ppaeseyo, ppaesyeoyo	빼십니다 ppaesimnida
	Past	빼셨다 ppaesyeotda	빼셨어 ppaesyeosseo	빼셨어요 ppaesyeosseoyo	빼셨습니다 ppaesyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	빼시느냐 ppaesineunya	빼셔 ppaesyeo	빼세요, 빼셔요 ppaeseyo, ppaesyeoyo	빼십니까 ppaesimnikka
	Past	빼셨느냐 ppaesyeonneunya	빼셨어 ppaesyeosseo	빼셨어요 ppaesyeosseoyo	빼셨습니까 ppaesyeotseumnikka
Imperative		빼시라 ppaesira	빼셔 ppaesyeo	빼세요 ppaeseyo	빼십시오 ppaesipsio
Assertive		빼시겠다 ppaesigetda	빼시겠어 ppaesigesseo	빼시겠어요 ppaesigesseoyo	빼시겠습니다 ppaesigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		빼셔 ppaesyeo	빼셔서 ppaesyeoseo	빼시니 ppaesini	빼시니까 ppaesinikka
Contrast		빼시지만 ppaesijiman	빼시는데 ppaesineunde	빼시더니 ppaesideoni
Conjunction		빼시고 ppaesigo
Condition		빼시면 ppaesimyeon	빼셔야 ppaesyeoya
Motive		빼시려고 ppaesiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		빼심 ppaesim	빼시기 ppaesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		빼셨음 ppaesyeosseum	빼셨기 ppaesyeotgi
Determiners	Past	빼신 ppaesin
	Present	빼시는 ppaesineun
	Future	빼실 ppaesil