벼르다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Gyechuk ilgi (癸丑日記 / 계축일기), c. 1600 , as Early Modern Korean 벼ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: pyelota). Cognate Jeju 베르다 (bereuda), conjugated as 벨란/벨랑 (bellan/bellang), may point to an earlier *ᄇᆢᄅᆞ다 (*pyolota).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pjʌ̹ɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [벼르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | byeoreuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | byeoleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | pyŏrŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | pyeluta |
Verb
[edit]벼르다 • (byeoreuda) (infinitive 별러, sequential 벼르니)
- (transitive) to look out for an opportunity (for), to wait in preparation (for)
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 벼른다 byeoreunda |
별러 byeolleo |
별러요 byeolleoyo |
벼릅니다 byeoreumnida |
| Past | 별렀다 byeolleotda |
별렀어 byeolleosseo |
별렀어요 byeolleosseoyo |
별렀습니다 byeolleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 벼르느냐 byeoreuneunya |
별러 byeolleo |
별러요 byeolleoyo |
벼릅니까 byeoreumnikka |
| Past | 별렀느냐 byeolleonneunya |
별렀어 byeolleosseo |
별렀어요 byeolleosseoyo |
별렀습니까 byeolleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 벼르자 byeoreuja |
별러 byeolleo |
별러요 byeolleoyo |
벼르십시다 byeoreusipsida | |
| Imperative | 별러라 byeolleora |
별러 byeolleo |
별러요 byeolleoyo |
벼릅시오 byeoreupsio | |
| Assertive | 벼르겠다 byeoreugetda |
벼르겠어 byeoreugesseo |
벼르겠어요 byeoreugesseoyo |
벼르겠습니다 byeoreugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 별러 byeolleo |
별러서 byeolleoseo |
벼르니 byeoreuni |
벼르니까 byeoreunikka | |
| Contrast | 벼르지만 byeoreujiman |
벼르는데 byeoreuneunde |
벼르더니 byeoreudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 벼르고 byeoreugo |
||||
| Condition | 벼르면 byeoreumyeon |
별러야 byeolleoya |
|||
| Motive | 벼르려고 byeoreuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 벼름 byeoreum |
벼르기 byeoreugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 별렀음 byeolleosseum |
별렀기 byeolleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 벼른 byeoreun | |||
| Present | 벼르는 byeoreuneun | ||||
| Future | 벼를 byeoreul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 벼르신다 byeoreusinda |
벼르셔 byeoreusyeo |
벼르세요, 벼르셔요 byeoreuseyo, byeoreusyeoyo |
벼르십니다 byeoreusimnida |
| Past | 벼르셨다 byeoreusyeotda |
벼르셨어 byeoreusyeosseo |
벼르셨어요 byeoreusyeosseoyo |
벼르셨습니다 byeoreusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 벼르시느냐 byeoreusineunya |
벼르셔 byeoreusyeo |
벼르세요, 벼르셔요 byeoreuseyo, byeoreusyeoyo |
벼르십니까 byeoreusimnikka |
| Past | 벼르셨느냐 byeoreusyeonneunya |
벼르셨어 byeoreusyeosseo |
벼르셨어요 byeoreusyeosseoyo |
벼르셨습니까 byeoreusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 벼르시라 byeoreusira |
벼르셔 byeoreusyeo |
벼르세요 byeoreuseyo |
벼르십시오 byeoreusipsio | |
| Assertive | 벼르시겠다 byeoreusigetda |
벼르시겠어 byeoreusigesseo |
벼르시겠어요 byeoreusigesseoyo |
벼르시겠습니다 byeoreusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 벼르셔 byeoreusyeo |
벼르셔서 byeoreusyeoseo |
벼르시니 byeoreusini |
벼르시니까 byeoreusinikka | |
| Contrast | 벼르시지만 byeoreusijiman |
벼르시는데 byeoreusineunde |
벼르시더니 byeoreusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 벼르시고 byeoreusigo |
||||
| Condition | 벼르시면 byeoreusimyeon |
벼르셔야 byeoreusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 벼르시려고 byeoreusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 벼르심 byeoreusim |
벼르시기 byeoreusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 벼르셨음 byeoreusyeosseum |
벼르셨기 byeoreusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 벼르신 byeoreusin | |||
| Present | 벼르시는 byeoreusineun | ||||
| Future | 벼르실 byeoreusil | ||||
References
[edit]- ^ Ko, Dong-ho (December, 1997) “제주 방언의 모음 조화 연구 [jeju bang'eonui mo'eum johwa yeon'gu, Vowel harmony in the Cheju dialect]”, in 언어학 [eoneohak, Eoneohag: Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea][1] (in Korean), 사단법인 한국언어학회 [sadanbeobin han'gugeoneohakhoe], 3. 형태소 경계: 3.2. 활용: 3.2.1 ´ㅏ´류 어미 [3. hyeongtaeso gyeonggye: 3.2. hwaryong: 3.2.1 ´a´ryu eomi]