모질다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 모〯딜다〮 (Yale: mwǒtìltá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈmo̞(ː)d͡ʑiɭda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [모(ː)질다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	mojilda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	mojilda
McCune–Reischauer?	mojilda
Yale Romanization?	mōcilta

Adjective

모질다 • (mojilda) (infinitive 모질어, sequential 모지니)

1. harsh; cruel; heartless

   Synonym: 맵다 (maepda)

2. severe; intense; strong

   Synonym: 맵다 (maepda)

   • 2003, “혼자가 아닌 나 (honjaga anin na) [I Am Not Alone]”, performed by 서영은 (Suh Young-eun):

     비가 와도 모진 바람 불어도 다시 햇살은 비추니까

     bi-ga wado mojin baram bureodo dasi haetsar-eun bichunikka

     Even if it rains and the wind blows heavily, the sun shines again

3. stern; tough; tenacious

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 모질다 (mojilda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	모질다 mojilda	모질어 mojireo	모질어요 mojireoyo	모집니다 mojimnida
	Past	모질었다 mojireotda	모질었어 mojireosseo	모질었어요 mojireosseoyo	모질었습니다 mojireotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	모지냐 mojinya	모질어 mojireo	모질어요 mojireoyo	모집니까 mojimnikka
	Past	모질었냐 mojireonnya	모질었어 mojireosseo	모질었어요 mojireosseoyo	모질었습니까 mojireotseumnikka
Assertive		모질겠다 mojilgetda	모질겠어 mojilgesseo	모질겠어요 mojilgesseoyo	모질겠습니다 mojilgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		모질어 mojireo	모질어서 mojireoseo	모지니 mojini	모지니까 mojinikka
Contrast		모질지만 mojiljiman	모진데 mojinde	모질더니 mojildeoni
Conjunction		모질고 mojilgo
Condition		모질면 mojilmyeon	모질어야 mojireoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		모짊 mojim	모질기 mojilgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		모질었음 mojireosseum	모질었기 mojireotgi
Determiners	Present		모진 mojin
	Future		모질 mojil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	모지시다 mojisida	모지셔 mojisyeo	모지세요, 모지셔요 mojiseyo, mojisyeoyo	모지십니다 mojisimnida
	Past	모지셨다 mojisyeotda	모지셨어 mojisyeosseo	모지셨어요 mojisyeosseoyo	모지셨습니다 mojisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	모지시냐 mojisinya	모지셔 mojisyeo	모지세요, 모지셔요 mojiseyo, mojisyeoyo	모지십니까 mojisimnikka
	Past	모지셨냐 mojisyeonnya	모지셨어 mojisyeosseo	모지셨어요 mojisyeosseoyo	모지셨습니까 mojisyeotseumnikka
Assertive		모지시겠다 mojisigetda	모지시겠어 mojisigesseo	모지시겠어요 mojisigesseoyo	모지시겠습니다 mojisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		모지셔 mojisyeo	모지셔서 mojisyeoseo	모지시니 mojisini	모지시니까 mojisinikka
Contrast		모지시지만 mojisijiman	모지신데 mojisinde	모지시더니 mojisideoni
Conjunction		모지시고 mojisigo
Condition		모지시면 mojisimyeon	모지셔야 mojisyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		모지심 mojisim	모지시기 mojisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		모지셨음 mojisyeosseum	모지셨기 mojisyeotgi
Determiners	Present		모지신 mojisin
	Future		모지실 mojisil