낡다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆰ다〮 (Yale: nòlktá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠k̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [낙따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nalgda
McCune–Reischauer?	nakta
Yale Romanization?	nalkta

Verb

낡다 • (nakda) (infinitive 낡아, sequential 낡으니)

1. (of an object) to become worn out, old

   낡은 옷을 버려야 해요.

   Nalg-eun os-eul beoryeo-ya hae-yo.

   You have to throw away old (worn out) clothes.

2. (of an idea, system, method) to become outdated, old-fashioned

   생각이 아주 낡았어.

   Saenggag-i aju nalg-ass-eo.

   His thinking is very behind the times.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 낡다 (nakda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낡는다 nangneunda	낡아 nalga	낡아요 nalgayo	낡습니다 nakseumnida
	Past	낡았다 nalgatda	낡았어 nalgasseo	낡았어요 nalgasseoyo	낡았습니다 nalgatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낡느냐 nangneunya	낡아 nalga	낡아요 nalgayo	낡습니까 nakseumnikka
	Past	낡았느냐 nalganneunya	낡았어 nalgasseo	낡았어요 nalgasseoyo	낡았습니까 nalgatseumnikka
Hortative		낡자 nakja	낡아 nalga	낡아요 nalgayo	낡으십시다 nalgeusipsida
Imperative		낡아라 nalgara	낡아 nalga	낡아요 nalgayo	낡읍시오 nalgeupsio
Assertive		낡겠다 nalgetda	낡겠어 nalgesseo	낡겠어요 nalgesseoyo	낡겠습니다 nalgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		낡아 nalga	낡아서 nalgaseo	낡으니 nalgeuni	낡으니까 nalgeunikka
Contrast		낡지만 nakjiman	낡는데 nangneunde	낡더니 nakdeoni
Conjunction		낡고 nalgo
Condition		낡으면 nalgeumyeon	낡아야 nalgaya
Motive		낡으려고 nalgeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		낡음 nalgeum	낡기 nalgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		낡았음 nalgasseum	낡았기 nalgatgi
Determiners	Past	낡은 nalgeun
	Present	낡는 nangneun
	Future	낡을 nalgeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낡으신다 nalgeusinda	낡으셔 nalgeusyeo	낡으세요, 낡으셔요 nalgeuseyo, nalgeusyeoyo	낡으십니다 nalgeusimnida
	Past	낡으셨다 nalgeusyeotda	낡으셨어 nalgeusyeosseo	낡으셨어요 nalgeusyeosseoyo	낡으셨습니다 nalgeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낡으시느냐 nalgeusineunya	낡으셔 nalgeusyeo	낡으세요, 낡으셔요 nalgeuseyo, nalgeusyeoyo	낡으십니까 nalgeusimnikka
	Past	낡으셨느냐 nalgeusyeonneunya	낡으셨어 nalgeusyeosseo	낡으셨어요 nalgeusyeosseoyo	낡으셨습니까 nalgeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		낡으시라 nalgeusira	낡으셔 nalgeusyeo	낡으세요 nalgeuseyo	낡으십시오 nalgeusipsio
Assertive		낡으시겠다 nalgeusigetda	낡으시겠어 nalgeusigesseo	낡으시겠어요 nalgeusigesseoyo	낡으시겠습니다 nalgeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		낡으셔 nalgeusyeo	낡으셔서 nalgeusyeoseo	낡으시니 nalgeusini	낡으시니까 nalgeusinikka
Contrast		낡으시지만 nalgeusijiman	낡으시는데 nalgeusineunde	낡으시더니 nalgeusideoni
Conjunction		낡으시고 nalgeusigo
Condition		낡으시면 nalgeusimyeon	낡으셔야 nalgeusyeoya
Motive		낡으시려고 nalgeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		낡으심 nalgeusim	낡으시기 nalgeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		낡으셨음 nalgeusyeosseum	낡으셨기 nalgeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	낡으신 nalgeusin
	Present	낡으시는 nalgeusineun
	Future	낡으실 nalgeusil

Derived terms

• 낡은이 (nalgeuni)
• 낡삭다 (naksakda)

Related terms

• 늙다 (neukda)