근무하다
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]근무(勤務) (geunmu) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkɯ(ː)nmuɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [근(ː)무하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geunmuhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geunmuhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŭnmuhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kūnmuhata |
Verb
[edit]근무하다 • (geunmuhada) (infinitive 근무해 or 근무하여, sequential 근무하니)
- (intransitive) to work (as a career for a person)
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 근무한다 geunmuhanda |
근무해 geunmuhae |
근무해요 geunmuhaeyo |
근무합니다 geunmuhamnida |
| Past | 근무했다 geunmuhaetda |
근무했어 geunmuhaesseo |
근무했어요 geunmuhaesseoyo |
근무했습니다 geunmuhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 근무하느냐 geunmuhaneunya |
근무해 geunmuhae |
근무해요 geunmuhaeyo |
근무합니까 geunmuhamnikka |
| Past | 근무했느냐 geunmuhaenneunya |
근무했어 geunmuhaesseo |
근무했어요 geunmuhaesseoyo |
근무했습니까 geunmuhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 근무하자 geunmuhaja |
근무해 geunmuhae |
근무해요 geunmuhaeyo |
근무하십시다 geunmuhasipsida | |
| Imperative | 근무해라, 근무하여라 geunmuhaera, geunmuhayeora |
근무해 geunmuhae |
근무해요 geunmuhaeyo |
근무합시오 geunmuhapsio | |
| Assertive | 근무하겠다 geunmuhagetda |
근무하겠어 geunmuhagesseo |
근무하겠어요 geunmuhagesseoyo |
근무하겠습니다 geunmuhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 근무해 geunmuhae |
근무해서, 근무하여서 geunmuhaeseo, geunmuhayeoseo |
근무하니 geunmuhani |
근무하니까 geunmuhanikka | |
| Contrast | 근무하지만 geunmuhajiman |
근무하는데 geunmuhaneunde |
근무하더니 geunmuhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 근무하고 geunmuhago |
||||
| Condition | 근무하면 geunmuhamyeon |
근무해야, 근무하여야 geunmuhaeya, geunmuhayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 근무하려고 geunmuharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 근무함 geunmuham |
근무하기 geunmuhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 근무했음, 근무하였음 geunmuhaesseum, geunmuhayeosseum |
근무했기, 근무하였기 geunmuhaetgi, geunmuhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 근무한 geunmuhan | |||
| Present | 근무하는 geunmuhaneun | ||||
| Future | 근무할 geunmuhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 근무하신다 geunmuhasinda |
근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo |
근무하세요, 근무하셔요 geunmuhaseyo, geunmuhasyeoyo |
근무하십니다 geunmuhasimnida |
| Past | 근무하셨다 geunmuhasyeotda |
근무하셨어 geunmuhasyeosseo |
근무하셨어요 geunmuhasyeosseoyo |
근무하셨습니다 geunmuhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 근무하시느냐 geunmuhasineunya |
근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo |
근무하세요, 근무하셔요 geunmuhaseyo, geunmuhasyeoyo |
근무하십니까 geunmuhasimnikka |
| Past | 근무하셨느냐 geunmuhasyeonneunya |
근무하셨어 geunmuhasyeosseo |
근무하셨어요 geunmuhasyeosseoyo |
근무하셨습니까 geunmuhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 근무하시라 geunmuhasira |
근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo |
근무하세요 geunmuhaseyo |
근무하십시오 geunmuhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 근무하시겠다 geunmuhasigetda |
근무하시겠어 geunmuhasigesseo |
근무하시겠어요 geunmuhasigesseoyo |
근무하시겠습니다 geunmuhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 근무하셔 geunmuhasyeo |
근무하셔서 geunmuhasyeoseo |
근무하시니 geunmuhasini |
근무하시니까 geunmuhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 근무하시지만 geunmuhasijiman |
근무하시는데 geunmuhasineunde |
근무하시더니 geunmuhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 근무하시고 geunmuhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 근무하시면 geunmuhasimyeon |
근무하셔야 geunmuhasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 근무하시려고 geunmuhasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 근무하심 geunmuhasim |
근무하시기 geunmuhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 근무하셨음 geunmuhasyeosseum |
근무하셨기 geunmuhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 근무하신 geunmuhasin | |||
| Present | 근무하시는 geunmuhasineun | ||||
| Future | 근무하실 geunmuhasil | ||||