굽신거리다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]굽신 (gupsin, ideophonic root) + 거리다 (-georida).
Altered from original 굽실거리다 (gupsilgeorida) due to folk etymology, which made it a compound of 굽 (gup-, “to be bent”) + 신(身) (sin, “body”, Sino-Korean morpheme). Included in the prescriptive South Korean standard in 2014.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kupɕ͈inɡʌ̹ɾida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [굽씬거리다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gupsin'georida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gubsingeolida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kupsin'gŏrida |
| Yale Romanization? | kwup.sinkelita |
Verb
[edit]굽신거리다 • (gupsin'georida) (infinitive 굽신거려 or 굽신거리어, sequential 굽신거리니) (intransitive)
- to bow repeatedly
- (figurative, derogatory) to fawn, to grovel, to brown-nose
Conjugation
[edit] Selected forms of the verb 굽신거리다 (gupsin'georida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 굽신거린다 gupsin'georinda |
굽신거려 gupsin'georyeo |
굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsin'georyeoyo, gupsin'georieoyo |
굽신거립니다 gupsin'georimnida |
| Past | 굽신거렸다 gupsin'georyeotda |
굽신거렸어 gupsin'georyeosseo |
굽신거렸어요 gupsin'georyeosseoyo |
굽신거렸습니다 gupsin'georyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 굽신거리느냐 gupsin'georineunya |
굽신거려 gupsin'georyeo |
굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsin'georyeoyo, gupsin'georieoyo |
굽신거립니까 gupsin'georimnikka |
| Past | 굽신거렸느냐 gupsin'georyeonneunya |
굽신거렸어 gupsin'georyeosseo |
굽신거렸어요 gupsin'georyeosseoyo |
굽신거렸습니까 gupsin'georyeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 굽신거리자 gupsin'georija |
굽신거려 gupsin'georyeo |
굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsin'georyeoyo, gupsin'georieoyo |
굽신거리십시다 gupsin'georisipsida | |
| Imperative | 굽신거려라, 굽신거리어라 gupsin'georyeora, gupsin'georieora |
굽신거려 gupsin'georyeo |
굽신거려요, 굽신거리어요 gupsin'georyeoyo, gupsin'georieoyo |
굽신거립시오 gupsin'georipsio | |
| Assertive | 굽신거리겠다 gupsin'georigetda |
굽신거리겠어 gupsin'georigesseo |
굽신거리겠어요 gupsin'georigesseoyo |
굽신거리겠습니다 gupsin'georigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 굽신거려 gupsin'georyeo |
굽신거려서, 굽신거리어서 gupsin'georyeoseo, gupsin'georieoseo |
굽신거리니 gupsin'georini |
굽신거리니까 gupsin'georinikka | |
| Contrast | 굽신거리지만 gupsin'georijiman |
굽신거리는데 gupsin'georineunde |
굽신거리더니 gupsin'georideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 굽신거리고 gupsin'georigo |
||||
| Condition | 굽신거리면 gupsin'georimyeon |
굽신거려야, 굽신거리어야 gupsin'georyeoya, gupsin'georieoya |
|||
| Motive | 굽신거리려고 gupsin'georiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 굽신거림 gupsin'georim |
굽신거리기 gupsin'georigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 굽신거렸음, 굽신거리었음 gupsin'georyeosseum, gupsin'georieosseum |
굽신거렸기, 굽신거리었기 gupsin'georyeotgi, gupsin'georieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 굽신거린 gupsin'georin | |||
| Present | 굽신거리는 gupsin'georineun | ||||
| Future | 굽신거릴 gupsin'georil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 굽신거리신다 gupsin'georisinda |
굽신거리셔 gupsin'georisyeo |
굽신거리세요, 굽신거리셔요 gupsin'georiseyo, gupsin'georisyeoyo |
굽신거리십니다 gupsin'georisimnida |
| Past | 굽신거리셨다 gupsin'georisyeotda |
굽신거리셨어 gupsin'georisyeosseo |
굽신거리셨어요 gupsin'georisyeosseoyo |
굽신거리셨습니다 gupsin'georisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 굽신거리시느냐 gupsin'georisineunya |
굽신거리셔 gupsin'georisyeo |
굽신거리세요, 굽신거리셔요 gupsin'georiseyo, gupsin'georisyeoyo |
굽신거리십니까 gupsin'georisimnikka |
| Past | 굽신거리셨느냐 gupsin'georisyeonneunya |
굽신거리셨어 gupsin'georisyeosseo |
굽신거리셨어요 gupsin'georisyeosseoyo |
굽신거리셨습니까 gupsin'georisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 굽신거리시라 gupsin'georisira |
굽신거리셔 gupsin'georisyeo |
굽신거리세요 gupsin'georiseyo |
굽신거리십시오 gupsin'georisipsio | |
| Assertive | 굽신거리시겠다 gupsin'georisigetda |
굽신거리시겠어 gupsin'georisigesseo |
굽신거리시겠어요 gupsin'georisigesseoyo |
굽신거리시겠습니다 gupsin'georisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 굽신거리셔 gupsin'georisyeo |
굽신거리셔서 gupsin'georisyeoseo |
굽신거리시니 gupsin'georisini |
굽신거리시니까 gupsin'georisinikka | |
| Contrast | 굽신거리시지만 gupsin'georisijiman |
굽신거리시는데 gupsin'georisineunde |
굽신거리시더니 gupsin'georisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 굽신거리시고 gupsin'georisigo |
||||
| Condition | 굽신거리시면 gupsin'georisimyeon |
굽신거리셔야 gupsin'georisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 굽신거리시려고 gupsin'georisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 굽신거리심 gupsin'georisim |
굽신거리시기 gupsin'georisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 굽신거리셨음 gupsin'georisyeosseum |
굽신거리셨기 gupsin'georisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 굽신거리신 gupsin'georisin | |||
| Present | 굽신거리시는 gupsin'georisineun | ||||
| Future | 굽신거리실 gupsin'georisil | ||||
Alternative forms
[edit]- 굽실거리다 (gupsilgeorida) — traditional form