경직하다

Korean

Etymology

From 경직(硬直) (gyeongjik, “stiffness”) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ŋd͡ʑikʰa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [경지카다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gyeongjikhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gyeongjighada
McCune–Reischauer?	kyŏngjikhada
Yale Romanization?	kyengcik.hata

Verb

경직하다 • (gyeongjikhada) (infinitive 경직해 or 경직하여, sequential 경직하니)

1. to be stiff, rigid, formal

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 경직하다 (gyeongjikhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	경직한다 gyeongjikhanda	경직해 gyeongjikhae	경직해요 gyeongjikhaeyo	경직합니다 gyeongjikhamnida
	Past	경직했다 gyeongjikhaetda	경직했어 gyeongjikhaesseo	경직했어요 gyeongjikhaesseoyo	경직했습니다 gyeongjikhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	경직하느냐 gyeongjikhaneunya	경직해 gyeongjikhae	경직해요 gyeongjikhaeyo	경직합니까 gyeongjikhamnikka
	Past	경직했느냐 gyeongjikhaenneunya	경직했어 gyeongjikhaesseo	경직했어요 gyeongjikhaesseoyo	경직했습니까 gyeongjikhaetseumnikka
Hortative		경직하자 gyeongjikhaja	경직해 gyeongjikhae	경직해요 gyeongjikhaeyo	경직하십시다 gyeongjikhasipsida
Imperative		경직해라, 경직하여라 gyeongjikhaera, gyeongjikhayeora	경직해 gyeongjikhae	경직해요 gyeongjikhaeyo	경직합시오 gyeongjikhapsio
Assertive		경직하겠다 gyeongjikhagetda	경직하겠어 gyeongjikhagesseo	경직하겠어요 gyeongjikhagesseoyo	경직하겠습니다 gyeongjikhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		경직해 gyeongjikhae	경직해서, 경직하여서 gyeongjikhaeseo, gyeongjikhayeoseo	경직하니 gyeongjikhani	경직하니까 gyeongjikhanikka
Contrast		경직하지만 gyeongjikhajiman	경직하는데 gyeongjikhaneunde	경직하더니 gyeongjikhadeoni
Conjunction		경직하고 gyeongjikhago
Condition		경직하면 gyeongjikhamyeon	경직해야, 경직하여야 gyeongjikhaeya, gyeongjikhayeoya
Motive		경직하려고 gyeongjikharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		경직함 gyeongjikham	경직하기 gyeongjikhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		경직했음, 경직하였음 gyeongjikhaesseum, gyeongjikhayeosseum	경직했기, 경직하였기 gyeongjikhaetgi, gyeongjikhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	경직한 gyeongjikhan
	Present	경직하는 gyeongjikhaneun
	Future	경직할 gyeongjikhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	경직하신다 gyeongjikhasinda	경직하셔 gyeongjikhasyeo	경직하세요, 경직하셔요 gyeongjikhaseyo, gyeongjikhasyeoyo	경직하십니다 gyeongjikhasimnida
	Past	경직하셨다 gyeongjikhasyeotda	경직하셨어 gyeongjikhasyeosseo	경직하셨어요 gyeongjikhasyeosseoyo	경직하셨습니다 gyeongjikhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	경직하시느냐 gyeongjikhasineunya	경직하셔 gyeongjikhasyeo	경직하세요, 경직하셔요 gyeongjikhaseyo, gyeongjikhasyeoyo	경직하십니까 gyeongjikhasimnikka
	Past	경직하셨느냐 gyeongjikhasyeonneunya	경직하셨어 gyeongjikhasyeosseo	경직하셨어요 gyeongjikhasyeosseoyo	경직하셨습니까 gyeongjikhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		경직하시라 gyeongjikhasira	경직하셔 gyeongjikhasyeo	경직하세요 gyeongjikhaseyo	경직하십시오 gyeongjikhasipsio
Assertive		경직하시겠다 gyeongjikhasigetda	경직하시겠어 gyeongjikhasigesseo	경직하시겠어요 gyeongjikhasigesseoyo	경직하시겠습니다 gyeongjikhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		경직하셔 gyeongjikhasyeo	경직하셔서 gyeongjikhasyeoseo	경직하시니 gyeongjikhasini	경직하시니까 gyeongjikhasinikka
Contrast		경직하시지만 gyeongjikhasijiman	경직하시는데 gyeongjikhasineunde	경직하시더니 gyeongjikhasideoni
Conjunction		경직하시고 gyeongjikhasigo
Condition		경직하시면 gyeongjikhasimyeon	경직하셔야 gyeongjikhasyeoya
Motive		경직하시려고 gyeongjikhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		경직하심 gyeongjikhasim	경직하시기 gyeongjikhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		경직하셨음 gyeongjikhasyeosseum	경직하셨기 gyeongjikhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	경직하신 gyeongjikhasin
	Present	경직하시는 gyeongjikhasineun
	Future	경직하실 gyeongjikhasil