ꜥꜣj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʕiˈʀij/ → /ʕiˈʀij/ → /ʕaˈjej/ → /ʕaˈjej/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕiˈʀij/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕiˈʀij/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕaˈjej/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕaˈjej/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːʔɑi/
  • Conventional anglicization: aai

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) physically big, large
2. (intransitive) to be(come) much, numerous, many in number or great in quantity
3. (intransitive, of abstract things) to be(come) great in degree or magnitude, strong, extreme
   1. (intransitive, of age) to be(come) high, great
   2. (intransitive, of strength and power) to be(come) strong, great, mighty
   3. (intransitive, of magic, protection, etc.) to be(come) strong, effective, great
4. (intransitive, of time) to be(come) long
5. (intransitive, of people, gods, etc.) to be(come) older, senior, the elder among several
   • 12th Dynasty, Stela of Nakhti, British Museum EA 143:

     wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ […]

     Osiris, Lord of Djedu, the elder god […]

6. (intransitive, of people, names, etc.) to be(come) great, important, distinguished, exalted
7. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) superior, in charge
8. (intransitive, of crimes) to be(come) grave, severe
9. (intransitive, of words and decrees) to be(come) heavy, weighty, important
10. (intransitive, of the Nile) to be(come) high, swollen with floodwater, to be in inundation
11. (intransitive, of festivals and funerals) to be(come) great, magnificent

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥꜣ, geminated stem: ꜥꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣw, ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣwt, ꜥꜣyt	ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥꜣ8, ꜥꜣꜣ8	ḥr ꜥꜣt, ḥr ꜥꜣj	m ꜥꜣt, m ꜥꜣj	r ꜥꜣt, r ꜥꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ꜥꜣ.n	consecutive	ꜥꜣ.jn
terminative	ꜥꜣt, ꜥꜣyt
perfective3	ꜥꜣ	obligative1	ꜥꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy
prospective3	ꜥꜣw, ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy	potentialis1	ꜥꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜥꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	ꜥꜣw1, ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣ	ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ
imperfective	ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣy, ꜥꜣꜣw5	ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣj6, ꜥꜣꜣy6	ꜥꜣꜣ, ꜥꜣꜣw5
prospective	ꜥꜣw1, ꜥꜣy, ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣtj7	ꜥꜣwtj1 4, ꜥꜣtj4, ꜥꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣj  

ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣj	ꜥꜣj
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle and New Kingdoms]

Synonyms

• wrr

Derived terms

• jw.f ꜥꜣ.f
• ꜥꜣ
• ꜥꜣw
• pr-ꜥꜣ
• prt-ꜥꜣt
• m ꜥꜣ
• nṯr-ꜥꜣ
• rkḥ-ꜥꜣ
• ḥwt-ꜥꜣt

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ꜥꜣ
  • ⇒ Akhmimic Coptic: (from the imperative?) ⲁⲓⲉⲩⲉ (aieue), ⲁⲉⲓⲉⲩⲧⲉ (aeieute)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲁⲓ (aiai)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲉⲓ (aiei)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲁⲓ (aiai)

References

• “ꜥꜣi̯ (lemma ID 34750)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 161.3–162.17
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 37
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.