静める

Japanese

Kanji in this term
静
しず Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
靜める (kyūjitai) 鎮める

Etymology

From 静 (shizu, bound morpheme indicating “quietness” or “calmness”). Cognate with the shizu in 静か (shizuka, “quiet; calm; still”) and 沈む (shizumu, “to sink; to set (such as the sun or moon); to become depressed”).^[1]^[2] This shizu might also be related to 下 (shita, “down; below”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しずめる [shìzúméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Tokyo) しずめる [shìzúmérú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɕizɨme̞ɾɯ̟]

Verb

静(しず)める • (shizumeru) ^{←しづめる (sidumeru)^?}transitive ichidan (stem 静(しず)め (shizume), past 静(しず)めた (shizumeta))

Japanese verb pair
active	静める
mediopassive	静まる

appease, calm, tranquilize, pacify

Conjugation

Conjugation of "静める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	静め	しずめ	shizume
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	静め	しずめ	shizume
Shūshikei ("terminal")	静める	しずめる	shizumeru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	静める	しずめる	shizumeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	静めれ	しずめれ	shizumere
Meireikei ("imperative")	静めよ¹ 静めろ²	しずめよ¹ しずめろ²	shizumeyo¹ shizumero²
Key constructions
Passive	静められる	しずめられる	shizumerareru
Causative	静めさせる静めさす	しずめさせるしずめさす	shizumesaseru shizumesasu
Potential	静められる静めれる³	しずめられるしずめれる³	shizumerareru shizumereru³
Volitional	静めよう	しずめよう	shizumeyō
Negative	静めない静めぬ静めん	しずめないしずめぬしずめん	shizumenai shizumenu shizumen
Negative continuative	静めず	しずめず	shizumezu
Formal	静めます	しずめます	shizumemasu
Perfective	静めた	しずめた	shizumeta
Conjunctive	静めて	しずめて	shizumete
Hypothetical conditional	静めれば	しずめれば	shizumereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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