直言

Chinese

		straight; vertical; frank straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad. (直言)		直	言

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhíyán

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ jin⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ti̍t-giân / ti̍t-gân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhíyán
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhyán
    • Wade–Giles: chih²-yen²
    • Yale: jŕ-yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyryan
    • Palladius: чжиянь (čžijanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ jɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zik⁶ jin⁴
    • Yale: jihk yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² jiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-giân
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍t-giân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: didgieen
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚²⁴⁻² ɡiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /tit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-gân
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍t-gân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: didgaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/

Verb

直言

1. to speak bluntly and to the point; to be outspoken

Derived terms

• 仗義直言 / 仗义直言
• 恕我直言 (shù wǒ zhíyán)
• 正色直言
• 直言不諱 / 直言不讳 (zhíyánbùhuì)
• 直言勿諱 / 直言勿讳
• 直言危行
• 直言取禍 / 直言取祸
• 直言極諫 / 直言极谏
• 直言正色
• 直言正論 / 直言正论
• 直言正諫 / 直言正谏
• 直言無忌 / 直言无忌
• 直言無諱 / 直言无讳
• 直言無隱 / 直言无隐
• 直言盡意 / 直言尽意
• 直言讜議 / 直言谠议
• 直言賈禍 / 直言贾祸
• 直言骨鯁 / 直言骨鲠

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
直	言
ちょく Grade: 2	げん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちょくげん [chòkúgéń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

直(ちょく)言(げん) • (chokugen) 

1. speaking bluntly and to the point; being outspoken

Verb

直(ちょく)言(げん)する • (chokugen suru) suru (stem 直(ちょく)言(げん)し (chokugen shi), past 直(ちょく)言(げん)した (chokugen shita))

1. to speak bluntly and to the point; to be outspoken

Conjugation

Conjugation of "直言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	直言し	ちょくげんし	chokugen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	直言し	ちょくげんし	chokugen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	直言する	ちょくげんする	chokugen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	直言する	ちょくげんする	chokugen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	直言すれ	ちょくげんすれ	chokugen sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	直言せよ¹ 直言しろ²	ちょくげんせよ¹ ちょくげんしろ²	chokugen seyo¹ chokugen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	直言される	ちょくげんされる	chokugen sareru
Causative	直言させる 直言さす	ちょくげんさせる ちょくげんさす	chokugen saseru chokugen sasu
Potential	直言できる	ちょくげんできる	chokugen dekiru
Volitional	直言しよう	ちょくげんしよう	chokugen shiyō
Negative	直言しない	ちょくげんしない	chokugen shinai
Negative continuative	直言せず	ちょくげんせず	chokugen sezu
Formal	直言します	ちょくげんします	chokugen shimasu
Perfective	直言した	ちょくげんした	chokugen shita
Conjunctive	直言して	ちょくげんして	chokugen shite
Hypothetical conditional	直言すれば	ちょくげんすれば	chokugen sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative