直前
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Chinese
[edit]straight; vertical; frank straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright |
front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (直前) | 直 | 前 | |
simp. #(直前) | 直 | 前 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄑㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhcián
- Wade–Giles: chih2-chʻien2
- Yale: jŕ-chyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrchyan
- Palladius: чжицянь (čžicjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Verb
[edit]直前
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
直 | 前 |
ちょく Grade: 2 |
ぜん Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Sinitic, composed of 直 (choku, “direct, straight”) + 前 (zen, “front, forward; before”). Date of borrowing unknown.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- directly in front, directly ahead
- just before
- 彼女は結婚式の直前に病気にかかった。
- Kanojo wa kekkonshiki no chokuzen ni byōki ni kakatta.
- She became ill just before the wedding.
- 彼女は結婚式の直前に病気にかかった。
Antonyms
[edit]- 直後 (chokugo)
Verb
[edit]直前する • (chokuzen suru) suru (stem 直前し (chokuzen shi), past 直前した (chokuzen shita))
- to go straight ahead
- to proceed immediately
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "直前する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 直前し | ちょくぜんし | chokuzen shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 直前し | ちょくぜんし | chokuzen shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 直前する | ちょくぜんする | chokuzen suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 直前する | ちょくぜんする | chokuzen suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 直前すれ | ちょくぜんすれ | chokuzen sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 直前せよ¹ 直前しろ² |
ちょくぜんせよ¹ ちょくぜんしろ² |
chokuzen seyo¹ chokuzen shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 直前される | ちょくぜんされる | chokuzen sareru | |
Causative | 直前させる 直前さす |
ちょくぜんさせる ちょくぜんさす |
chokuzen saseru chokuzen sasu | |
Potential | 直前できる | ちょくぜんできる | chokuzen dekiru | |
Volitional | 直前しよう | ちょくぜんしよう | chokuzen shiyō | |
Negative | 直前しない | ちょくぜんしない | chokuzen shinai | |
Negative continuative | 直前せず | ちょくぜんせず | chokuzen sezu | |
Formal | 直前します | ちょくぜんします | chokuzen shimasu | |
Perfective | 直前した | ちょくぜんした | chokuzen shita | |
Conjunctive | 直前して | ちょくぜんして | chokuzen shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 直前すれば | ちょくぜんすれば | chokuzen sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 直
- Chinese terms spelled with 前
- Japanese terms spelled with 直 read as ちょく
- Japanese terms spelled with 前 read as ぜん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Sinitic languages
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs