授ける

Japanese

Kanji in this term
授
さず Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Etymology

Derived via regular historical shifts from the classical lower bigrade (カ行下二段活用 (ka-gyō shimo nidan katsuyō)) verb 授(さづ)く (sazuku).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

A surface analysis would suggest that this ultimately derives as a compound of さ (sa, of uncertain meaning) +‎ 付ける (tsukeru, “to stick or attach something to something else; to put something somewhere”).

First attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.^[1]^[5]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さずける [sàzúkéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[4]^[6]^[7]
IPA^(key): [sa̠zɨke̞ɾɯ̟]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「授ける」

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	授ける	さずける	`[sàzúkéꜜrù]`
Imperative (命令形)	授けろ	さずけろ	`[sàzúkéꜜrò]`
Key constructions
Passive	授けられる	さずけられる	`[sàzúkéráréꜜrù]`
Causative	授けさせる	さずけさせる	`[sàzúkésáséꜜrù]`
Potential	授けられる	さずけられる	`[sàzúkéráréꜜrù]`
Volitional	授けよう	さずけよー	`[sàzúkéyóꜜò]`
Negative	授けない	さずけない	`[sàzúkéꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	授けなかった	さずけなかった	`[sàzúkéꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	授けます	さずけます	`[sàzúkémáꜜsù]`
Perfective	授けた	さずけた	`[sàzúꜜkètà]`
Conjunctive	授けて	さずけて	`[sàzúꜜkètè]`
Hypothetical conditional	授ければ	さずければ	`[sàzúkéꜜrèbà]`

Verb

授(さず)ける • (sazukeru) ^{←さづける (sadukeru)^?}transitive ichidan (stem 授(さず)け (sazuke), past 授(さず)けた (sazuketa))

Japanese verb pair
active	授ける
mediopassive	授かる

[from 720] to bestow, confer, endow with a thing, as a superior to an inferior
Synonyms: 与える (ataeru), 渡す (watasu), 授与する (juyo suru)
[from 900] to bestow, confer, endow with knowledge: to teach, to instruct
Synonyms: 教える (oshieru), 伝授する (denju suru), 教授する (kyōju suru)
[from early 1600s] to bestow, confer, endow, vest, award with a title, honor, power, or right
Synonym: 与える (ataeru)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "授ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	授け	さずけ	sazuke
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	授け	さずけ	sazuke
Shūshikei ("terminal")	授ける	さずける	sazukeru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	授ける	さずける	sazukeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	授けれ	さずけれ	sazukere
Meireikei ("imperative")	授けよ¹ 授けろ²	さずけよ¹ さずけろ²	sazukeyo¹ sazukero²
Key constructions
Passive	授けられる	さずけられる	sazukerareru
Causative	授けさせる授けさす	さずけさせるさずけさす	sazukesaseru sazukesasu
Potential	授けられる授けれる³	さずけられるさずけれる³	sazukerareru sazukereru³
Volitional	授けよう	さずけよう	sazukeyō
Negative	授けない授けぬ授けん	さずけないさずけぬさずけん	sazukenai sazukenu sazuken
Negative continuative	授けず	さずけず	sazukezu
Formal	授けます	さずけます	sazukemasu
Perfective	授けた	さずけた	sazuketa
Conjunctive	授けて	さずけて	sazukete
Hypothetical conditional	授ければ	さずければ	sazukereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “授”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
^ “授ける”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4465:
, spelled in the continuative as 佐豆氣 ⟨saduke₂⟩, available online here
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “授”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[K-2] Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[DDJS-3] “授ける”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[MYS-5] 
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4465:
, spelled in the continuative as 佐豆氣 ⟨saduke₂⟩, available online here

[SMK5-6] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-7] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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