悲観
Appearance
See also: 悲觀
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
悲 | 観 |
ひ Grade: 3 |
かん Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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悲觀 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”). Reanalyzed as 悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (Buddhism) a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering
- pessimism
- Antonym: 楽観
- despair; discouragement
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]悲観する • (hikan suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 悲観し (hikan shi), past 悲観した (hikan shita))
- to be pessimistic
- to lose hope; to despair; to be disappointed
- 選ばれなくても悲観していない。
- Erabarenakute mo hikan shiteinai.
- I didn't lose hope even after I wasn't selected.
- 選ばれなくても悲観していない。
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "悲観する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 悲観し | ひかんし | hikan shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 悲観し | ひかんし | hikan shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 悲観する | ひかんする | hikan suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 悲観する | ひかんする | hikan suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 悲観すれ | ひかんすれ | hikan sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 悲観せよ¹ 悲観しろ² |
ひかんせよ¹ ひかんしろ² |
hikan seyo¹ hikan shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 悲観される | ひかんされる | hikan sareru | |
Causative | 悲観させる 悲観さす |
ひかんさせる ひかんさす |
hikan saseru hikan sasu | |
Potential | 悲観できる | ひかんできる | hikan dekiru | |
Volitional | 悲観しよう | ひかんしよう | hikan shiyō | |
Negative | 悲観しない | ひかんしない | hikan shinai | |
Negative continuative | 悲観せず | ひかんせず | hikan sezu | |
Formal | 悲観します | ひかんします | hikan shimasu | |
Perfective | 悲観した | ひかんした | hikan shita | |
Conjunctive | 悲観して | ひかんして | hikan shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 悲観すれば | ひかんすれば | hikan sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 悲 read as ひ
- Japanese terms spelled with 観 read as かん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Buddhism
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- Japanese terms with usage examples