形而下

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Chinese

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to appear; to look; form
to appear; to look; form; shape
 
and; as well as; but (not)
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
 
under; next; lower
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
 
simp. and trad.
(形而下) 		形 而 下

Pronunciation

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Noun

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形而下

  1. (philosophy) physical or material things

Antonyms

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
形 而 下
けい
Grade: 2 		じ
Jinmeiyō 		か
Grade: 1
kan'on

Etymology

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Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English concrete, based on the phrase 形而下者、謂之器 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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形(けい)而(じ)下(か) • (keijika) 

  1. (philosophy) physical, material
    Antonym: 形而上 (keijijō)

References

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  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ “形而下”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎[2], University of Tokyo, page 1
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  6. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
形而下

Noun

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形而下 • (hyeong'iha) (hangeul 형이하)

  1. hanja form? of 형이하
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