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幼い

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
おさな
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Etymology

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Possibly from Old Japanese. Japanese dictionaries cite the word to the Nihon Shoki (720), but only where kana glosses read (literally “not mature; not capable”) as ヲサナシ (wosanasi).[1][2] The first actual phonetic attestation is in the Shinsen Jikyō (898-901), as 乎佐奈志.[2]

Compound of (osa, chief, senior) +‎ 無い (nai, not, from classical 無し (nashi)).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「幼い
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 幼く なく
さな
[òsáꜜnàkù]
[òsánáꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 幼い さな [òsánáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 幼い さな [òsánáꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 幼くない なくない
さなくない
[òsáꜜnàkùnàì]
[òsánáꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 幼かった なかった
さなかった
[òsáꜜnàkàttà]
[òsánáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 幼くなかった なくなかった
さなくなかった
[òsáꜜnàkùnàkàttà]
[òsánáꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 幼いです さないです [òsánáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 幼くて なくて
さなくて
[òsáꜜnàkùtè]
[òsánáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 幼ければ なければ
さなければ
[òsáꜜnàkèrèbà]
[òsánáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

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(おさな) (osanaiをさない (wosanai)?-i (adverbial (おさな) (osanaku))

  1. [from 720?/898-901] immature; foolish
  2. [from c. 935] childish
  3. [from early 10th century] very young
  4. [from 1958] underdeveloped

Inflection

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Synonyms

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 おさ‐な・い[をさ‥] 【幼】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. 2.0 2.1 The template Template:R:Jidai-betsu Kokugo Daijiten does not use the parameter(s):
    p=832
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
    Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN